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Sabbatai Zevi

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Sabbatai Zevi (säbätī` zā`vē), 1626–76, Jewish mystic and pseudo-Messiah, founder of the Sabbatean sect, b. Smyrna. After a period of study of Lurianic kabbalah (see Luria, Isaac ben Solomon Luria or Loria, Isaac ben Solomon , 1534–72, Jewish kabbalist, surnamed Ashkenazi, called Ari [lion] by his followers, b. Jerusalem.
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), he became deeply influenced by its ideas of imminent national redemption. In 1648 he proclaimed himself the Messiah, named the year 1666 as the millennium, and gathered a host of followers. In 1666 he attempted to land in Constantinople, was captured, and to escape death embraced Islam. Nevertheless, the influence of the Sabbatean movement survived for many years; it had secret adherents in the 18th cent. and was revived under Jacob Frank Frank, Jacob, c.1726–1791, Polish Jewish sectarian and adventurer, b. Podolia as Jacob Ben Judah Leib. He founded the Frankists, a heretical Jewish sect that was an anti-Talmudic outgrowth of the mysticism of the false Messiah Sabbatai Zevi.
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. The name is also spelled Shabbatai Zvi.

Bibliography

See G. G. Scholem, Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism (3d rev. ed. 1954, repr. 1967), The Messianic Ideas in Judaism (tr. 1971), and Sabbatai Sevi, the Mystical Messiah (tr. 1973).


Sabbatai Zevi
false messiah, head of Kabbalic movement in mid-1600s. [Jew. Hist.: Wigoder, 544]


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ruler of Israel and the 17th century self-proclaimed messiah Sabbatai Zevi.
There are examples of this concern for future deliverance in other religions--Mahayana Buddhism speaks of the Maitreya, the Buddha who is to come--but the expectation that new prophets and messiahs will arise is especially prominent in the Judeo-Christian tradition, leading, for Jews, to Sabbatai Zevi in the seventeenth century, and, among Christians, to Joseph Smith and Mormonism, and to Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church.
Since this could be viewed eschatologically as the ultimate disaster preceding the coming of the messiah, there was a riotous outburst of pseudo-messianism in the Jewish world of the seventeenth century, led by Nathan of Gaza in Palestine, Sabbatai Zevi in Turkey, and Joseph Frank in Poland.
 
 
 
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