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Sardinia, kingdom of

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Sardinia, kingdom of, name given to the possessions of the house of Savoy (see Savoy, house of Savoy, house of, dynasty of Western Europe that ruled Savoy and Piedmont from the 11th cent., the kingdom of Sicily from 1714 to 1718, the kingdom of Sardinia from 1720 to 1861, and the kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946.
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) in 1720, when the island of Sardinia was awarded (by the Treaty of London) to Duke Victor Amadeus II of Savoy to compensate him for the loss of Sicily to Austria. Besides Sardinia, the kingdom included Savoy, Piedmont Piedmont (pēd`mŏnt), Ital. Piemonte, region (1991 pop.
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, and Nice Nice (nēs), city (1990 pop. 345,674), capital of Alpes-Maritimes dept., SE France, on the Mediterranean Sea.
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; Liguria Liguria (lĭgr`ēə, Ital. lēg
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, including Genoa, was added by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. During the Risorgimento Risorgimento (rēsôr'jēmĕn`tō) [Ital.
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 the kingdom expanded to include almost all Italy. Lombardy was added in 1859. In 1860, Parma, Modena, Bologna, Marche, and the Romagna (i.e., the Papal States except Rome and Latium) were annexed by the kingdom. After the annexation (1861) of the Two Sicilies, Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed king of Italy. Although the name of the kingdom of Sardinia was derived from the island, Turin was its capital except from 1799 to 1814, when the mainland territories were annexed by France. During that period, Cagliari, on Sardinia, was the royal residence.


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