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Schwarzenegger, Arnold Alois, 1947–, Austrian-American actor, bodybuilder, and politician, b. Thal, Austria. He began competing in bodybuilding contests in his teens, and won his first of five Mr. Universe titles in 1967. He achieved public recognition for bodybuilding as a sport, and his quest in 1975 for his sixth of seven Mr. Olympia titles was chronicled in the documentary Pumping Iron (1977). He went on to become a Hollywood action star in such films as Conan the Barbarian (1982), The Terminator (1984) and its sequels, and True Lies (1994). He married Maria Shriver (daughter of Sargent Shriver Shriver, Robert Sargent, 1915–, U.S. public official, b. Westminster, Md. A lawyer, he served in World War II and was (1945–46) an assistant editor of Newsweek magazine before joining the business enterprises of his future father-in-law, Joseph P.
..... Click the link for more information. ) in 1987, and was appointed chairman of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports by President George H. W. Bush in 1990. An increasingly politically active Republican during the 1990s, Schwarzenegger ran for the California governorship and won when Gray Davis Davis, Gray (Joseph Graham Davis, Jr.), 1942–, U.S. politician, b. the Bronx, N.Y. A graduate of Stanford Univ. (1964) and Columbia Univ. Law School (1967), he entered the army and served in Vietnam (1968–69).
..... Click the link for more information. was recalled in 2003. Initially popularly, Schwarzenegger suffered setbacks in 2005 when voters rejected several ballot measures he supported that would have place limits on the power and influence of the legislature and public employee unions. Subsequently, however, he adopted a less partisan approach, cooperating with the Democratic legislature on a minimum-wage hike and controls on greenhouse gas pollution.

Bibliography

See biography by L. Leamer (2005).