Southern Oceans definition of Southern Oceans in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

Southern Ocean or Antarctic Ocean, name sometimes given to those parts of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans that surround Antarctica S of roughly 60°S. These waters are marked by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, or West Wind Drift Current, a surface current that flows E around Antarctica and transports more water than any other current in world. North of the current, along a fluctuating, zigzagging line between 48°S and 61°S, lies the Antarctic Convergence, an oceanic boundary, 20–30 mi (30–50 km) wide, where the warm, subtropical waters of the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic the cold, polar waters off Antarctica. The Antarctic Convergence and the Antarctic Divergence, a region of major oceanic upwelling lying to the S of the former, have a profound effect on climate, marine life, and the ice, and create a unique ecological region rich in marine life. This region was recognized as a fifth ocean by the International Hydrographic Organization in 2000. The ocean includes the Ross, Amundsen, Bellingshausen, and Weddell seas and small gulfs and bays off Antarctica.

Southern Ocean

(also Antarctic Ocean), a conventional designation for the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans that adjoin Antarctica.

The ocean was first identified by the Dutch geographer B. Varenius (Varen) in 1650, and the term “Southern Ocean” was used in maps and atlases until the first quarter of the 20th century. During this period, geographers in many countries extended the designation to include Antarctica, inasmuch as the ice-covered continent was considered part of the ocean and the antarctic circle was regarded as the ocean’s boundary. Since the second quarter of the 20th century various lines have been proposed for the boundary of the Southern Ocean; they lie between 35° S lat.—a limit based on the circulation of the water and atmosphere—and 60° S lat.—a limit based on the relief of the ocean floor. The Soviet Atlas of the Antarctic (vol. 2, 1969) places the boundary of the Southern Ocean at the northern limit of the Antarctic Convergence, which lies near 55° S lat.

The designation “Southern Ocean” is not used in navigation, because such navigational aids as sailing directions, running lights, signals, and charts do not make use of the concept.

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No references found	Instead, Le Quere notes, comparison of known carbon dioxide-emission rates with measurements of the gas' atmospheric concentration suggest that carbon dioxide absorption in the southern oceans declined by 11. Southern seas slow their uptake of C[O.sub.2] by Science News The Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern oceans can be considered one vast ocean, covering about 71 percent of Earth's surface. Ask Mapman by McMahon, Jim / Junior Scholastic com/reports/c43430) has announced the addition of Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans to their offering An alphabetical 225, 000 word encyclopedia of the environment, biology, climatology, oceanography, geology, history and current legal, political and human aspects of the Antarctic continent and the surrounding ocean and islands. Get A Detailed Look at Antarctica and the Southern Oceans With This ... by Business Wire	Southern Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP Southern California, University of Southern Carpathians Southern Christian Leadership Conference Southern Coast of the Crimea Southern Colonial house Southern Common Market Southern Cross Southern Crown Southern Economic Region Southern Executive Committee Southern Fish Southern Floristic Kingdom Southern Guinea Upland southern hemisphere Southern Ice Field Southern Illinois University Southern Indian Ocean Anticyclone Southern Kazakh Merino Southern Khangai Plateau southern lights Southern Luo Southern Methodist University Southern Morocco Southern Ocean Southern Oceans Southern Pacific Company southern pine Southern Polar Front Southern Question Southern Railroad Southern Rebels Southern Rhodesia Southern Sakhalin Operation of 1945 Southern Siberian Mountains Southern Siberian Race Southern Socialist Revolutionary Party Southern Society of Decembrists Southern Sporades Southern States Southern Tigre Southern Triangle Southern Union of Russian Workers Southern University Southern Uplands Southern Urals Southern Urals Railroad Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance Southern Ute Tribal Sun Dance Southern Yakut Coal Basin Southern Yemen	Southern New York Racing Association Southern New York Railway Southern New York Region Sports Car Club of America Southern Newspaper Publishers Association Southern No-Fly Zone Southern Non-Governmental Organization Southern North Sea Southern Nuclear Engineering, Inc. Southern Nuclear Operating Company Southern Nursery Association, Inc. Southern Nursing Research Society Southern Oaks Branch Library Southern Oaks Girls School Southern Observatory for Astrophysical Research Southern Ocean Southern Ocean Southern Ocean Cloud Experiment Southern Ocean County Hospital Southern Ocean Exploration Southern Ocean Marine Sportswear Southern Ocean Multihull Regatta Southern Ocean Racing Circuit Southern Ocean Sea Level Centre Southern Ocean Waves Experiment Southern Ocean Whale and Ecosystem Research Southern Oceans Southern Oceans Seabird Study Association Southern Off-Road Bicycle Association Southern Offshore Fishing Association, Inc. Southern Ohio Adult Soccer Association Southern Ohio Alien Abduction Research Southern Ohio Amateur Soccer Association Southern Ohio and Northern Kentucky Southern Ohio Chamber Alliance Southern Ohio Chapter of the American Anglican Council Southern Ohio Correctional Facility Southern Ohio Cross Country Series Southern Ohio District Export Council Southern Ohio Diversification Initiative Southern Ohio Fugitive Apprehension Strike Team Southern Ohio Gamer's Association Southern Ohio Light Opera Southern Ohio Medical Center Southern Ohio Museum and Cultural Center Southern Ohio Naturists Society Southern Ohio Neighbors Group Southern Ohio Nuclear Integration Cooperative Southern Ohio Performing Arts Association Southern Ohio Sanitation, LLC Southern Ohio Swim League

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Instead, Le Quere notes, comparison of known carbon dioxide-emission rates with measurements of the gas' atmospheric concentration suggest that carbon dioxide absorption in the southern oceans declined by 11.

Southern seas slow their uptake of C[O.sub.2] by Science News

The Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, and Southern oceans can be considered one vast ocean, covering about 71 percent of Earth's surface.

Ask Mapman by McMahon, Jim / Junior Scholastic

com/reports/c43430) has announced the addition of Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans to their offering An alphabetical 225, 000 word encyclopedia of the environment, biology, climatology, oceanography, geology, history and current legal, political and human aspects of the Antarctic continent and the surrounding ocean and islands.

Get A Detailed Look at Antarctica and the Southern Oceans With This ... by Business Wire

Southern Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP

Southern California, University of

Southern Carpathians

Southern Christian Leadership Conference

Southern Coast of the Crimea

Southern Colonial house

Southern Common Market

Southern Cross

Southern Crown

Southern Economic Region

Southern Executive Committee