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Standard, Magnetic

a standard (etalon) that is used to reproduce and preserve the legal value of a unit of a magnetic quantity, that is, the value established by a state standard (gosudarstvennyi standart), or GOST. Magnetic standards ensure the uniformity of magnetic measurements.

The fundamental characteristics of a magnetic field or a magnetic material are magnetic flux, magnetic flux density, and magnetic moment. The units of the three magnetic quantities are reproduced by national standards (gosudarstvennye etalony).

The unit of magnetic flux in the International System of Units (SI) is the weber (Wb). The standard for the unit is a coil with two windings on a quartz core. When a current is passed through the primary winding, a magnetic field is generated in that winding; the field permeates the plane of the turns of the secondary winding. The magnetic flux linkage between the secondary and primary windings when the current in the primary winding is equal to 1 ampere (A) gives the value of the magnetic flux in the standard. The system used with the magnetic flux standard includes equipment for transferring the size of the unit to secondary and working standards. The constant of the standard’s coil is determined as the ratio of the magnetic flux to the current that generates the flux in the primary winding; the rated value of the constant is equal to 0.0100176 Wb/A. The error in determining the constant is not higher than 0.001 percent. The error in transferring the size of the unit of magnetic flux does not exceed 0.01 percent.

The SI unit of magnetic flux density is the tesla (T). The standard for the unit consists of three solenoids on a quartz core. The magnetic flux density induced in the central part of each solenoid is equal to 7.5 × 10^–4, 1.15 × 10^–4, and 0.57 × 10^–4 T, respectively. The effect of the earth’s magnetic field is neutralized by a special system of coils. The error in reproducing the unit does not exceed 0.0004 percent. The size of the unit of magnetic flux density is transferred to secondary and working standards with an error of not higher than 0.0005 percent.

The SI unit of magnetic moment is the ampere meter squared (Aηm²). The standard for the unit comprises nine permanent magnets in the shape of ellipsoids of revolution. The magnetic moments of the magnets are determined by means of a standard magnetometer; they range from 0.14 to 1.7 Aηm². The error in reproducing the unit of magnetic moment does not exceed 0.1 percent.

Research is in progress on the development of a single magnetic standard that could reproduce all three fundamental magnetic units.

REFERENCES

Studentsov, N. V., N. G. Chernyshova, and E. N. Chechurina. Metrologiia, 1972, no. 1, p. 4.
Chechernikov, V. I. Magnitnye izmereniia, 2nd ed. Moscow, 1969.

I. I. KIFER

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No references found	Hundley, Kizilbash, Afridi, Franco, Peshock and Grayburn, of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, will present human clinical data in which the assessment of systolic function (left ventricular volume and ejection fraction) with EchoGen(R)-enhanced echocardiography was compared to the gold standard, magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI"). SONUS Pharmaceuticals' Ultrasound Contrast Agents Are Subject of ... by PR Newswire They also provide reliable inspection project back-up by producing standard, magnetic and custom-made scrapers and polyurethane consumables. E-Disk Technology from BiTMICRO Enables NGKS International to Deliver ... by Business Wire	standard source C standard special standard star Standard State standard station standard subroutine standard target Standard TCP/IP Port standard temperature and pressure standard terminal arrival route standard test-tone power Standard Time Standard Time in the Ussr standard tolerance standard ton standard trajectory standard visibility standard visual range standard volume standard waveguide Standard Weight of Agricultural Products Standard Widget Toolkit standard wiggler standard wire gauge standard wire rope Standard, Magnetic Standard-bearer standard-frequency signal standard-hour plan Standardbred Standardbred horse Standardization Standardization Institute of standardize Standardized Coefficient Standardized Contracts, Law of standardized product Standardized Rolled Product standardized test statistic standardized units standards standards - character codes standards - communications & networking standards - DBMSs standards - file management systems standards - graphics systems standards - hardware interfaces standards - Internet standards - machine languages standards - multimedia documents standards - operating systems	Standard Weight of Agricultural Products Standard White Bread Standard White Cabs Standard Widget Toolkit Standard Widget Toolkit standard wiggler standard wire gauge standard wire gauge standard wire gauges Standard Wire Haired Dachshund standard wire rope Standard Wireless Optical Mouse Standard Wiring Practice Manual Standard Work Chart Standard Work Combination Table Standard Work Element Sheet Standard Work in Progress Standard Work Item Standard Work Practice Standard Work Second Standard Working Conditions Standard Workstation Standard Workstation Acquisition Standard World English Standard Written Agreement Standard Young Tableaux Standard, Magnetic standard-bearer standard-bearer standard-bearer standard-bearers standard-bearers Standard-bred standard-frequency signal Standard-gauge Standard-gauge Standard-Higdon's Absorbing Boundary Condition standard-hour plan Standard-Issue Information Retrieval Unit Standard-Joint Duty Assignment Standard-period Average Annual Rainfall Standard-Setting Organization Standard-use Army Aircraft Flight Route Standard-wing Standard/Standing Operating Guidelines Standard/Standing Request for Information standardbred standardbred standardbred Standardbred Breeders and Owners Association Standardbred Breeders Association of Pennsylvania Standardbred Breeders of Ontario Association Standardbred Canada Standardbred horse Standardbred horse Standardbred horse Standardbred Owners Association

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Hundley, Kizilbash, Afridi, Franco, Peshock and Grayburn, of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, will present human clinical data in which the assessment of systolic function (left ventricular volume and ejection fraction) with EchoGen(R)-enhanced echocardiography was compared to the gold standard, magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI").

SONUS Pharmaceuticals' Ultrasound Contrast Agents Are Subject of ... by PR Newswire

They also provide reliable inspection project back-up by producing standard, magnetic and custom-made scrapers and polyurethane consumables.

E-Disk Technology from BiTMICRO Enables NGKS International to Deliver ... by Business Wire

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