Stein-Leventhal syndrome

Stein-Leventhal syndrome

 or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Endocrine disorder in women, characterized by high levels of male hormones (androgens) and infrequent or absent ovulation (see reproductive system). It causes a high proportion of female infertility cases. Symptoms vary but often include increased serum concentrations of androgens, insulin resistance, hirsutism, acne, and obesity. Menstruation may be irregular, absent, or excessive. The ovaries are usually enlarged and contain cysts. The disease may remain undiagnosed until a woman tries to conceive. The underlying cause is not fully understood, and no genetic mutations have been associated with the syndrome. Many women with Stein-Leventhal syndrome are at an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders such as type II diabetes or lipid disorders such as atherosclerosis at an unusually young age. Treatment attempts to reduce androgen production. Infertility may be treated with clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins to induce ovulation.