Stuart, British royal family

Stuart or Stewart, royal family that ruled Scotland and England. The Stuart lineage began in a family of hereditary stewards of Scotland, the earliest of whom was Walter (d. 1177), grandson of a Norman adventurer. Several early Stuarts were regents of Scotland, and after Robert, seventh in the hereditary line of stewards, became king as Robert II Robert II, 1316–90, king of Scotland (1371–90), nephew and successor of David II . He was the first sovereign of the house of Stuart, or Stewart (see Stuart , family), which eventually succeeded to the English as well as the Scottish throne.
..... Click the link for more information. (1371), the crown remained in the family succession. The marriage of James IV James IV, 1473–1513, king of Scotland (1488–1513), son and successor of James III. He was an able and popular king, and his reign was one of stability and progress for Scotland.
..... Click the link for more information. of Scotland to Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII of England, made his granddaughter Mary Queen of Scots Mary Queen of Scots (Mary Stuart), 1542–87, only child of James V of Scotland and Mary of Guise . Through her grandmother Margaret Tudor , Mary had the strongest claim to the throne of England after the children of Henry VIII.
..... Click the link for more information. a claimant to the English throne. Mary's claim was recognized when her son, James VI of Scotland, became James I James I, 1566–1625, king of England (1603–25) and, as James VI, of Scotland (1567–1625). James's reign witnessed the beginnings of English colonization in North America (Jamestown was founded in 1607) and the plantation of Scottish settlers in
..... Click the link for more information. of England in 1603. Charles I Charles I, 1600–1649, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1625–49), second son of James I and Anne of Denmark.

Early Life

He became heir to the throne on the death of his older brother Henry in 1612 and was made prince of Wales in
..... Click the link for more information. , son of James I, was beheaded (1649) at the end of the English civil war, but after the interregnum of the Commonwealth and the Protectorate, his son Charles II Charles II, 1630–85, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660–85), eldest surviving son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria.

Early Life

..... Click the link for more information. was restored to the throne in 1660. With the deposition (1688) of Charles II's brother and successor, James II James II, 1633–1701, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1685–88); second son of Charles I, brother and successor of Charles II .

Early Life

..... Click the link for more information. , the crown passed to James's daughter Mary II Mary II, 1662–94, queen of England, wife of William III . The daughter of James II by his first wife, Anne Hyde, she was brought up a Protestant despite her father's adoption of Roman Catholicism.
..... Click the link for more information. and her husband, William III, and after them to Anne Anne, 1665–1714, queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1702–7), later queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1707–14), daughter of James II and Anne Hyde; successor to William III.
..... Click the link for more information. , also daughter of James II. In the reign of Anne, the last of the Stuarts to rule England, the crowns of Scotland and England, united personally by the Stuarts, were permanently joined by the Act of Union (1707). After the death of Anne the crown passed (by the Act of Settlement Settlement, Act of, 1701, passed by the English Parliament, to provide that if William III and Princess Anne (later Queen Anne) should die without heirs, the succession to the throne should pass to Sophia , electress of Hanover, granddaughter of James I, and to her
..... Click the link for more information. , 1701) to George I George I (George Louis), 1660–1727, king of Great Britain and Ireland (1714–27); son of Sophia , electress of Hanover, and great-grandson of James I.
..... Click the link for more information. of the house of Hanover, son of the Electress Sophia Sophia (sōfī`ə, Ger. zōfē`ä), 1630–1714, electress of Hanover, consort of Elector Ernest Augustus.
..... Click the link for more information. , who was the granddaughter of James I of England; thus the Hanoverians also had a Stuart claim. The parliamentary rule of succession was adopted because the claim to the throne of the Roman Catholic James II and his descendants, James Francis Edward Stuart Stuart or Stewart, James Francis Edward, 1688–1766, claimant to the British throne, son of James II and Mary of Modena ; called the Old Pretender.
..... Click the link for more information. (the Old Pretender), Charles Edward Stuart Stuart or Stewart, Charles Edward, 1720–88, claimant to the British throne, b. Rome. First son of James Francis Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender), he was known as Bonnie Prince Charlie and as the Young
..... Click the link for more information. (the Young Pretender), and Henry Stuart Stuart or Stewart, Henry Benedict Maria Clement, known as Cardinal York, 1725–1807, claimant to the British throne, b. Rome.
..... Click the link for more information. (Cardinal York), was upheld by the Jacobites Jacobites (jăk`əbīts')
..... Click the link for more information. . After 1807 this claim passed to the descendants of Henrietta of England Henrietta of England (Henrietta Anne), 1644–70, duchesse d'Orléans, called Madame; sister-in-law of King Louis XIV of France. The daughter of King Charles I and Queen Henrietta Maria of England, she was taken (1646) to France when civil war raged in
..... Click the link for more information. , daughter of Charles I. Stuart, the French form of the name, was popularized by Mary Queen of Scots.

Bibliography

See G. Donaldson, Scottish Kings (1967); A. C. Addington, The Royal House of Stuart (2 vol., 1969–71); E. Linklater, The Royal House (1970); G. Perry, The Golden Age Restor'd: The Culture of the Stuart Court (1981).

Stuart

1. the royal house that ruled in Scotland from 1371 to 1714 and in England from 1603 to 1714

2. Charles Edward, called the Young Pretender or Bonnie Prince Charlie. 1720--88, pretender to the British throne. He led the Jacobite Rebellion (1745--46) in an attempt to re-establish the Stuart succession

3. his father, James Francis Edward, called the Old Pretender. 1688--1766, pretender to the British throne; son of James II (James VII of Scotland) and his second wife, Mary of Modena. He made two unsuccessful attempts to realize his claim to the throne (1708; 1715)
www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page74.asp
www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/Greece/Sparta.htm

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Stuart, British royal family

Early Life

Early Life

Early Life

Bibliography

Stuart