Stuart, James Francis Edward definition of Stuart, James Francis Edward in the Free Online Encyclopedia.

Stuart or Stewart, James Francis Edward, 1688–1766, claimant to the British throne, son of James II James II, 1633–1701, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1685–88); second son of Charles I, brother and successor of Charles II .

Early Life

..... Click the link for more information. and Mary of Modena Mary of Modena (mŏd`ĭnə), 1658–1718, queen consort of James II of England; daughter of Alfonso IV, duke of Modena.
..... Click the link for more information. ; called the Old Pretender. His birth, falsely rumored by Whigs at the time to be supposititious (i.e., of other parents than professed), helped to precipitate the Glorious Revolution Glorious Revolution, in English history, the events of 1688–89 that resulted in the deposition of James II and the accession of William III and Mary II to the English throne. It is also called the Bloodless Revolution.
..... Click the link for more information. of 1688. He was brought up in France and on his father's death (1701) was recognized there as James III of England. In England, however, the Act of Settlement (1701) had excluded the male line of Stuarts from the succession. His restoration to the British throne was the object of numerous plots and rebellions by the Jacobites Jacobites (jăk`əbīts')
..... Click the link for more information. . After an abortive invasion of Scotland in 1708, James served in the French army at the battles of Oudenarde and Malplaquet, but in the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Louis XIV was obliged to recognize the succession of the house of Hanover Hanover, house of, ruling dynasty of Hanover (see Hanover , province), which was descended from the Guelphs and which in 1714 acceded to the British throne in the person of George I .
..... Click the link for more information. to the English throne, and James was forced to leave France. His hopes of succeeding Queen Anne were dashed by the peaceful succession (1714) of the Hanoverian George I George I (George Louis), 1660–1727, king of Great Britain and Ireland (1714–27); son of Sophia , electress of Hanover, and great-grandson of James I.
..... Click the link for more information. . An uprising in his favor (1715), led by the 6th earl of Mar Mar, John Erskine, 6th (or 11th) earl of, 1675–1732, Scottish nobleman, leader of the Jacobites . He was nicknamed "Bobbing John," probably because of his political vacillation.
..... Click the link for more information. , brought him to Scotland, but, on the failure of the movement, James retired to France and finally to Rome. In 1719, James married Maria Clementina Sobieski, a Polish princess commonly called Princess Clementina. He did not take part in the Jacobite uprising of 1745, led by his son, Charles Edward Stuart Stuart or Stewart, Charles Edward, 1720–88, claimant to the British throne, b. Rome. First son of James Francis Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender), he was known as Bonnie Prince Charlie and as the Young
..... Click the link for more information. , the Young Pretender.

Bibliography

See biographies by A. Shield and A. Lang (1907), A. N. Tayler and H. A. H. Tayler (1934), and B. Bevan (1967); see also bibliography under Jacobites.