Substrate (redirected from Substrate specificity)

substrate

The base layer of a structure such as a chip, multichip module (MCM), printed circuit board or disk platter. Silicon is the most widely used substrate for chips. Fiberglass (FR4) is mostly used for printed circuit boards, and ceramic is used for MCMs. Disk substrates are typically aluminum, glass or plastic.

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substrate

1. Biochem the substance upon which an enzyme acts

2. Electronics the semiconductor base on which other material is deposited, esp in the construction of integrated circuits

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substrate [′səb‚strāt]

(biochemistry)

The substance with which an enzyme reacts.

(ecology)

The foundation to which a sessile organism is attached.

(electronics)

The physical material on which a microcircuit is fabricated; used primarily for mechanical support and insulating purposes, as with ceramic, plastic, and glass substrates; however, semiconductor and ferrite substrates may also provide useful electrical functions.

(engineering)

Basic surface on which a material adheres, for example, paint or laminate.

(organic chemistry)

A compound with which a reagent reacts.

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substrate

1. The underlying material to which a finish is applied, or by which it is supported.

2. A material upon which an adhesive, film, coating, etc., is applied.

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(hardware)

substrate - The body or base layer of an integrated circuit, onto which other layers are deposited to form the circuit. The substrate is usually Silicon, though Sapphire is used for certain applications, particularly military, where radiation resistance is important. The substrate is originally part of the wafer from which the die is cut. It is used as the electrical ground for the circuit.

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Substrate 

(1) In biology, the base—an object or substance—to which sedentary animals and plants, including microorganisms, are attached.

(2) In biochemistry, a substance acted upon by enzymes. The term “substrate” refers to the primary and intermediate products of metabolism (metabolites) that take part in enzymatic transformations. Chemically, substrates may vary from simple molecules of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to highly complex molecules of proteins and nucleic acids.

During an enzymatic reaction, the substrate is activated and combines with the enzyme to form an enzyme-substrate complex, which decomposes and releases the products of the reaction. As a rule, a given enzyme activates only few substrates, a phenomenon called substrative specificity. Consequently, the name of a substrate is often the source for the name of the corresponding enzyme. For example, the enzyme that splits D-glucose-1-phosphate into glucose and phosphate is called D-glucose-1-phosphatase.

The substrative specificity of enzymes is determined by the structure of their active centers; substrates can directly affect the formation of these centers. The concentration of substrates is a factor in the regulation of enzymatic activity. Substrates and their analogues—substances similar in structure to the substrates —often induce the biosynthesis of the corresponding enzymes. Some analogues of substrates are specific inhibitors of enzymes.

(3) In microbiology, nutrient media for the growth of microorganisms.

N. N. CHERNOV