Surrey

Surrey, county (1991 pop. 997,000), 653 sq mi (1,691 sq km), SE England. The county seat is Guildford. The North Downs cross the county from east to west. To the north the land slopes gently downward to the Thames, into which flow the Wey and the Mole, Surrey's principal streams. The southern slopes of the Downs are more rugged. Surrey is one of the "Home Counties" around London; attractive woodland areas lie to the south. About one quarter of the total area is devoted to agriculture. There is dairy farming, market gardening, and wheat and oat cultivation. Manufactures include radio and radar equipment and aircraft. The city of Epsom and Ewell is known for its horse racing, and Kew for the Royal Botanic Gardens (popularly known as Kew Gardens). On Runnymede, King John signed the Magna Carta in 1215. In Anglo-Saxon times, Surrey was variously under the dominion of Mercia and Wessex and was overrun in the 9th cent. by the Danes. In 1974, Surrey was reorganized as a nonmetropolitan county; a small area in the southeast was assigned to the nonmetropolitan county of West Sussex.

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Surrey

Administrative county (pop., 2001: 1,059,015) and historic county, southern England. Surrey is located southwest of London. Sheep raising was an important medieval activity for the county, and by the 16th century a cloth trade was also growing. Its forested hills were a source of timber for charcoal, construction, and shipbuilding. Transport of these products, originally dependent on rivers, was facilitated in 1801 when the Surrey Iron Railway was established as the first public railway. During the 19th century the world's densest network of suburban railways developed in northern Surrey. Suburban growth continued after World War II, proceeding under planning restraints. The county seat is Guildford.