Swiss literature. The literature of Switzerland is written in German, French, Italian, and Romansh, with German predominating. The extensive literature in Romansh dialect (see Rhaeto-Romanic Rhaeto-Romanic (rē`tō-rōmăn`ĭk)
..... Click the link for more information. ) is little known outside Switzerland. During the Middle Ages the larger monasteries, notably St. Gall, were known as cultural centers. Among the monks of considerable literary achievements were Notker Balbulus Notker Balbulus (nōt`kər băl`by
ləs), c.
..... Click the link for more information. , Notker Labeo Notker Labeo (nōt`kər lä`bēō), c.950–1022, German monk, also known as Teŭtonĭcus.
..... Click the link for more information. , Ulrich Boner Boner or Bonerius, Ulrich (
..... Click the link for more information. , and several monks called Ekkehard Ekkehard I wrote the famous Latin epic Waltharius (c.930), celebrating the deeds of the Alemannic prince Walter.
Ekkehard II, fl. 10th cent., was the tutor of Hedwig of Swabia. He is the hero of Scheffel's novel Ekkehard (1856).
..... Click the link for more information. . These men wrote mainly in Middle High German, but at the same time High German and Swiss regional dialects came into literary use. Religious writing was established by the great reformer, Zwingli Zwingli, Huldreich or Ulrich (h
..... Click the link for more information. , as well as by Calvin, who lived in Geneva for a time. Later writers in this tradition were, in the 19th cent., Jeremias Gotthelf Gotthelf, Jeremias (yārāmē`äs gôt`hĕlf), 1797–1854, Swiss writer and clergyman.
..... Click the link for more information. , and, in the 20th cent., the priest and novelist Heinrich Federer (1866–1928) and Albert Steffen, leader of the anthroposophical movement. The celebrated French writers Jean Jacques Rousseau and Germaine de Staël were born in Switzerland, as was Benjamin Constant. Other writers in French include the literary critics Louis de Muralt (1665–1743), H. F. Amiel Amiel, Henri Frédéric (äNrē` frādārēk` ämyĕl`), 1821–81, Swiss critic.
..... Click the link for more information. , and Édouard Rod, and the novelist C. F. Ramuz Ramuz, Charles Ferdinand (shärl fĕrdēnäN` rämüz`), 1878–1947, Swiss novelist.
..... Click the link for more information. . The chief Swiss writers in Italian were Stefans Franscini (1726–1857) and Pietro Peri (1794–1869). Heinrich Pestalozzi Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich (yō`hän hīn`rĭkh pĕs'tälôt`sē)
..... Click the link for more information. was a major innovator in education as well as an outstanding literary figure. Swiss books for children, notably The Swiss Family Robinson by J. D. Wyss, and Heidi by Johanna Spyri, have become worldwide classics. In the 18th cent. major Swiss authors included the poet and scientist Albrecht von Haller, and the critics Johann Bodmer and Johann Breitinger. Leading figures of the 19th cent. were the novelist C. F. Meyer Meyer, Conrad Ferdinand (kôn`rät fĕr`dēnänt mī`ər), 1825–98, Swiss poet and novelist.
..... Click the link for more information. , the historian Jacob Burckhardt Burckhardt, Jacob or Jakob Christoph
..... Click the link for more information. , Gottfried Keller Keller, Gottfried (gôt`frēt), 1819–90, Swiss novelist, poet, and short-story writer.
..... Click the link for more information. , and the art historian Heinrich Wölfflin Wölfflin, Heinrich (hīn`rĭkh völf`lĭn), 1864–1945, Swiss art historian.
..... Click the link for more information. . The poet C. F. G. Spitteler Spitteler, Carl Friedrich Georg (kärl frē`drĭkh gā`ôrkh shpĭt`ələr)
..... Click the link for more information. won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1919. Jakob Schaffner (1875–1944), Friedrich Dürrenmatt Dürrenmatt, Friedrich (frē`drĭkh dür`ənmät), 1921–90, Swiss playwright and novelist.
..... Click the link for more information. , and Max Frisch Frisch, Max, 1911–91, Swiss writer. He obtained a diploma in architecture in 1941, and his designs included the Zürich Recreation Park. After 1955 he became recognized as one of Europe's major literary voices. In the novels Stiller (1954, tr.
..... Click the link for more information. have also gained international renown in the 20th cent., as have the eminent scholars Emil Staiger and Jean Starobinski. Recent literary talents include Erika Burkart, Otto F. Walter, and Adolf Muschg.
..... Click the link for more information. ) is little known outside Switzerland. During the Middle Ages the larger monasteries, notably St. Gall, were known as cultural centers. Among the monks of considerable literary achievements were Notker Balbulus Notker Balbulus (nōt`kər băl`by
ləs), c...... Click the link for more information. , Notker Labeo Notker Labeo (nōt`kər lä`bēō), c.950–1022, German monk, also known as Teŭtonĭcus.
..... Click the link for more information. , Ulrich Boner Boner or Bonerius, Ulrich (
..... Click the link for more information. , and several monks called Ekkehard Ekkehard I wrote the famous Latin epic Waltharius (c.930), celebrating the deeds of the Alemannic prince Walter.
Ekkehard II, fl. 10th cent., was the tutor of Hedwig of Swabia. He is the hero of Scheffel's novel Ekkehard (1856).
..... Click the link for more information. . These men wrote mainly in Middle High German, but at the same time High German and Swiss regional dialects came into literary use. Religious writing was established by the great reformer, Zwingli Zwingli, Huldreich or Ulrich (h
..... Click the link for more information. , as well as by Calvin, who lived in Geneva for a time. Later writers in this tradition were, in the 19th cent., Jeremias Gotthelf Gotthelf, Jeremias (yārāmē`äs gôt`hĕlf), 1797–1854, Swiss writer and clergyman.
..... Click the link for more information. , and, in the 20th cent., the priest and novelist Heinrich Federer (1866–1928) and Albert Steffen, leader of the anthroposophical movement. The celebrated French writers Jean Jacques Rousseau and Germaine de Staël were born in Switzerland, as was Benjamin Constant. Other writers in French include the literary critics Louis de Muralt (1665–1743), H. F. Amiel Amiel, Henri Frédéric (äNrē` frādārēk` ämyĕl`), 1821–81, Swiss critic.
..... Click the link for more information. , and Édouard Rod, and the novelist C. F. Ramuz Ramuz, Charles Ferdinand (shärl fĕrdēnäN` rämüz`), 1878–1947, Swiss novelist.
..... Click the link for more information. . The chief Swiss writers in Italian were Stefans Franscini (1726–1857) and Pietro Peri (1794–1869). Heinrich Pestalozzi Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich (yō`hän hīn`rĭkh pĕs'tälôt`sē)
..... Click the link for more information. was a major innovator in education as well as an outstanding literary figure. Swiss books for children, notably The Swiss Family Robinson by J. D. Wyss, and Heidi by Johanna Spyri, have become worldwide classics. In the 18th cent. major Swiss authors included the poet and scientist Albrecht von Haller, and the critics Johann Bodmer and Johann Breitinger. Leading figures of the 19th cent. were the novelist C. F. Meyer Meyer, Conrad Ferdinand (kôn`rät fĕr`dēnänt mī`ər), 1825–98, Swiss poet and novelist.
..... Click the link for more information. , the historian Jacob Burckhardt Burckhardt, Jacob or Jakob Christoph
..... Click the link for more information. , Gottfried Keller Keller, Gottfried (gôt`frēt), 1819–90, Swiss novelist, poet, and short-story writer.
..... Click the link for more information. , and the art historian Heinrich Wölfflin Wölfflin, Heinrich (hīn`rĭkh völf`lĭn), 1864–1945, Swiss art historian.
..... Click the link for more information. . The poet C. F. G. Spitteler Spitteler, Carl Friedrich Georg (kärl frē`drĭkh gā`ôrkh shpĭt`ələr)
..... Click the link for more information. won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1919. Jakob Schaffner (1875–1944), Friedrich Dürrenmatt Dürrenmatt, Friedrich (frē`drĭkh dür`ənmät), 1921–90, Swiss playwright and novelist.
..... Click the link for more information. , and Max Frisch Frisch, Max, 1911–91, Swiss writer. He obtained a diploma in architecture in 1941, and his designs included the Zürich Recreation Park. After 1955 he became recognized as one of Europe's major literary voices. In the novels Stiller (1954, tr.
..... Click the link for more information. have also gained international renown in the 20th cent., as have the eminent scholars Emil Staiger and Jean Starobinski. Recent literary talents include Erika Burkart, Otto F. Walter, and Adolf Muschg.
Bibliography
See A. Natan, ed., Swiss Men of Letters (1970); W. Sorell, The Swiss (1972); P. Demetz, After the Fires (1986).
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