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Targum |
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Targum (tär`gəm) [Aramaic,=translation], Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Bible. When Aramaic replaced the Hebrew tongue among the Jews of Palestine and Babylon, interpreters were called to translate and explain the scriptural passages that were read aloud during synagogue services. The oral Aramaic paraphrases were, in the course of time, put down in writing under the name Targum. One of the best-known Targums extant is the Targum Onkelos (see Onkelos Onkelos (ŏng`kəlōs), 2d cent. A.D. ..... Click the link for more information. ). The Targum is printed in the margin of corresponding parts of the Bible. A complete manuscript of a Palestinian Targum, the first of its kind, was found in 1956. TargumAny of several translations of the Hebrew scriptures or its parts into Aramaic. The earliest date from after the Babylonian Exile and were designed to meet the needs of uneducated Jews who did not know Hebrew. After the destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem (AD 70), Targums became established in synagogues, where scripture was read aloud with a translation in Aramaic. These readings eventually incorporated paraphrase and commentary. Targums were regarded as authoritative throughout the Talmudic period (see Talmud) and began to be committed to writing in the 5th century. |
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Prigent notes Kraft's observation that this would be a targum if it were not followed by an interpretation; therefore, according to Prigent this passage is better described in terms of "[le] genre midraschique" (Kraft & Prigent: 121, n. Likewise one might expect to find Donald Juel's article, "Interpreting Israel's Scriptures in the New Testament," occurring earlier than chapter 10, perhaps prior to the discussion of Targum and Rabbinic Midrash so that the reader is encouraged to see the methodology of New Testament writers not separate from but in the context of the variety of Jewish interpretation from Philo of Alexandria to Rabbinic Midrash to the Dead Sea Scrolls. The campus student newspaper, The Daily Targum, in a rare excursion into matters curricular, spoke for student interest when it editorialized, "Give Us More. |
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