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Thermidor |
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Thermidor (thûr`mĭdôr, Fr. tĕrmēdôr`), 11th month of the French Revolutionary calendar French Revolutionary calendar, the official calendar of France, Nov. 24, 1793–Dec. 31, 1805. Its introduction was decreed by the Convention on Oct. 5, 1793, but it was computed from Sept. ..... Click the link for more information. . The coup of 9 Thermidor (July 27, 1794) marked the downfall of Robespierre Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidore (mäksēmēlyăN` märē` ēzēdôr` rôbĕspyĕr`) ..... Click the link for more information. and the end of the Reign of Terror Reign of Terror, 1793–94, period of the French Revolution characterized by a wave of executions of presumed enemies of the state. Directed by the Committee of Public Safety, the Revolutionary government's Terror was essentially a war dictatorship, instituted to ..... Click the link for more information. . The men who came into power were members of the old bourgeoisie and the newly rich who had profited from speculation and inflation. Extravagance in dress and manner prevailed. The Jacobins Jacobins (jăk`əbĭnz), political club of the French Revolution . ..... Click the link for more information. were suppressed, but the royalists did not gain power. The Thermidorians removed economic controls, thus unleashing inflation, and established some freedom of worship. The principal figures in the so-called Thermidorian reaction included Barras Barras, Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de ..... Click the link for more information. and Tallien Tallien, Jean Lambert (zhäN läNbĕr` tälyăN`), 1767–1820, French revolutionary. ..... Click the link for more information. . The period ended with the establishment of the Directory Directory, group of five men who held the executive power in France according to the constitution of the year III (1795) of the French Revolution . They were chosen by the new legislature, by the Council of Five Hundred and the Council of Ancients; each year one ..... Click the link for more information. (1795). BibliographySee A. Mathiez, The Thermidorian Reaction (1929, tr. 1930). |
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Observe," said Villefort, smiling, "I do not mean to deny that both these men were revolutionary scoundrels, and that the 9th Thermidor and the 4th of April, in the year 1814, were lucky days for France, worthy of being gratefully remembered by every friend to monarchy and civil order; and that explains how it comes to pass that, fallen, as I trust he is forever, Napoleon has still retained a train of parasitical satellites. Ideas are contagious in a household; the ninth thermidor, like so many other portentous events, was the result of female influence. |
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Thermidor
