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Third Republic |
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Third Republic: see France France (frăns, Fr. fräNs), officially French Republic, republic (2005 est. pop. 60,656,000), 211,207 sq mi (547,026 sq km), W Europe. ..... Click the link for more information. . Third RepublicFrench government (1870–1940). After the fall of the Second Empire and the suppression of the Paris Commune, the new Constitutional Laws of 1875 were adopted, establishing a regime based on parliamentary supremacy. Despite its series of short-lived governments, the Third Republic was marked by social stability (except for the Alfred Dreyfus affair), industrialization, and establishment of a professional civil service. It ended with the fall of France to the Germans in 1940. Presidents of the Third Republic included Adolphe Thiers (1871–73), Maurice de Mac-Mahon (1873–79), Jules Grévy (1879–87), Sadi Carnot (1887–94), Félix Faure (1895–99), Émile Loubet (1899–1906), Armand Fallières (1906–13), Raymond Poincaré (1913–20), Alexandre Millerand (1920–24), Gaston Doumergue (1924–31), and Albert Lebrun (1932–40). Other notable leaders included Léon Blum, Georges Boulanger, Aristide Briand, Georges Clemenceau, Édouard Daladier, Jules Ferry, Léon Gambetta, Édouard Herriot, Jean Jaurès, Pierre Laval, Philippe Pétain, and Paul Reynaud. How to thank TFD for its existence? Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, add the site to iGoogle, or visit webmaster's page for free fun content. |
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| Such a municipalist groundswell might have troubled the elitist Guizot, but not the more democratic-minded men of the Third Republic who embraced it. In France, the church badgered the Third Republic for two decades, then took no responsibility for their country's humiliation during World War II; many thought Vichy provided an opportunity for national renewal that would overcome secularism and restore the church to its deserved place of power and privilege. Bullard focuses on a particular episode that started with France's defeat by the Prussian military and "the terrible year" of 1870-71, when, fearing that France was teetering on the brink of a political abyss, the government of the Third Republic turned to a social cleansing of the newly formed Commune in Paris. |
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