Tudor (redirected from Tudors)

Tudor, royal family that ruled England from 1485 to 1603. Its founder was Owen Tudor, of a Welsh family of great antiquity, who was a squire at the court of Henry V and who married that king's widow, Catherine of Valois. Their eldest son, Edmund, was created (1453) earl of Richmond, married Margaret Beaufort (a descendant of John of Gaunt), and had a posthumous son, Henry, who assumed the Lancastrian claims and ascended the throne as Henry VII after defeating Richard III at Bosworth Field (1485). By his marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV, Henry united the Lancastrian and Yorkist claims to the throne. Of his children, his daughter Margaret Tudor married James IV of Scotland; his daughter Mary (see Mary of England) married Louis XII of France; and his surviving son succeeded him (1509) on the throne as Henry VIII. All three of Henry VIII's children, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I, were rulers of England. Following the death of Edward VI, there was an unsuccessful attempt to place Mary of England's granddaughter, Lady Jane Grey, upon the throne. The reign of the Tudors was distinguished by considerable governmental reorganization, which strengthened the power of the monarchy; the rise of England as a naval power and a corresponding growth in the sense of national pride; and the Reformation of the English church with attendant religious strife. It was a period of a remarkable flowering of English literature and scholarship. Upon the death of Elizabeth I (1603), the Tudor dynasty was succeeded by the house of Stuart, whose claim to the throne derived from Margaret Tudor. Among the noted historians of the Tudor period are Geoffrey Rudolph Elton, Sir John Ernest Neale, and Albert Frederick Pollard.

Bibliography

See also C. Read, The Tudors (1936); C. Morris, The Tudors (1955); M. Foss, Tudor Portraits (1974); A. Plowden, The House of Tudor (1982).

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Tudor

1. an English royal house descended from a Welsh squire, Owen Tudor (died 1461), and ruling from 1485 to 1603. Monarchs of the Tudor line were Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I

2. denoting a style of architecture of the late perpendicular period and characterized by half-timbered houses
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Tudor 

a royal dynasty that ruled in England from 1485 to 1603, replacing the house of York. The house of Tudor was founded by Henry VII, who ruled from 1485 to 1509; descended from Welsh feudal lords on his father’s side, he was related to the Lancasters through his mother. The other Tudor monarchs were Henry VIII (ruled 1509–47), Edward VI (ruled 1547–53), Mary I (ruled 1553–58), and Elizabeth I (ruled 1558–1603).

The policies of all the Tudors except Mary reflected the interests of the English nobility and bourgeoisie of the 16th century; these policies were based on protectionism, patronage of navigation, conflict with Spain, and the principles of the Reformation. The Tudors were absolute monarchs, and Parliament was an obedient tool of the crown. With the development of capitalist relations, however, Parliament became the mouthpiece of the bourgeois opposition, and in the last years of Elizabeth’s reign, it began a struggle against royal absolutism. This struggle became especially intense under the next dynasty, the Stuarts.

REFERENCES

Bindoff, S. T. Tudor England. [London, 1951.]
Williamson, J. A. The Tudor Age. London, 1953.
Elton, G. R. England Under the Tudors. New York [1956].