ng chē-chäng), 1555–1636, leading painter, calligrapher, connoisseur, and critic of the Ming dynasty. A high official in various public offices, was also regarded as the greatest art expert of his day. He was the leader of the group that formulated basic principles of the so-called wên-jên or literati school of painting, which exerted a lasting influence on Chinese and Japanese painting and aesthetics. In his landscape paintings, executed mostly in ink with occasional touches of color, painting and calligraphy were joined harmoniously. Examples of his works may be seen at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the Metropolitan Museum, New York, and the Cleveland Museum, Ohio.
Bibliography
See W. Ho and J. Smith, ed., The Century of Tung Ch'i-ch'ang, 1555–1636 (2 vol., 1992).
Dong Qichang
or Tung Ch'i-ch'ang(born 1555, Huating, Kiangsu province, China—died 1636) Chinese painter, calligrapher, and theoretician of the late Ming period. He is noted especially for his writings on Chinese painting, which he divided into the Northern school, which taught the acquisition of truth, and the Southern school, which emphasized sudden, intuitive understanding. At the centre of the scholarly ideal of the Southern school was the art of calligraphy, which expressed the true nature of the artist without the interposition of pictorial description. Dong Qichang's own paintings stress stark forms, seemingly anomalous spatial renderings, and naive handling of ink and brush. His ideas continue to influence Chinese aesthetic theory.
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