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urban planning |
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urban planning: see city planning city planning, process of planning for the improvement of urban centers in order to provide healthy and safe living conditions, efficient transport and communication, adequate public facilities, and aesthetic surroundings. ..... Click the link for more information. . urban planningPrograms pursued as a means of improving the urban environment and achieving certain social and economic objectives. Evidence of urban planning can be found in the ruins of ancient cities, including orderly street systems and conduits for water and sewage. During the Renaissance, European city areas were consciously planned to achieve circulation of the populace and provide fortification against invasion. Such concepts were exported to the New World, where William Penn, in founding the city of Philadelphia, developed the standard gridiron plan—the laying out of streets and plots of land adaptable to rapid change in land use. Modern urban planning and redevelopment arose in response to the disorder and squalor of the slums created by the Industrial Revolution. The urban planner best known for his transformation of Paris was Georges-Eugène Haussmann. City planners imposed regulatory laws establishing standards for housing, sanitation, water supply, sewage, and public health conditions, and introduced parks and playgrounds into congested city neighbourhoods. In the 20th century, zoning—the regulation of building activity according to use and location—came to be a key tool for city planners. See also Pierre-Charles L'Enfant. |
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| That helps keep large cities livable and on human scale, says Julianna Delgado, a professor of urban studies and planning at California State University, Northridge, and a San Fernando Valley native. All of these pressures are converging to drive prices up," said Steven Erie, director of the urban studies and planning program at the University of California San Diego, who is now writing a book on Southern California's long water wars. Marie Howland, professor of urban studies and planning at the University of Maryland, questions the viability of community gardens on expensive inner-city property. |
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