Weimar (vī`mär), city (1994 pop. 58,807), E Thuringia Thuringia (th
rĭn`jə), Ger. Thüringen, state (1994 pop.
..... Click the link for more information. , central Germany, on the Ilm River. It is an industrial, transportation, and cultural center. Manufactures include agricultural machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and furniture. Known in the 10th cent., Weimar became important only in the 16th cent. when it was made the capital of the duchy (after 1815 the grand duchy) of Saxe-Weimar Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, which resulted from the reunion in 1741, was the most important of the Thuringian principalities. It gained its greatest prosperity and cultural importance under Duke Charles Augustus , the patron and friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who made Weimar , the
..... Click the link for more information. . It developed as a cultural center of international importance. Under Elector John Frederick I John Frederick I, 1503–54, elector (1532–47) and duke (1547–54) of Saxony; last elector of the Ernestine branch of the house of Wettin . Like his father, John the Steadfast, whom he succeeded, John Frederick was a devout Lutheran.
..... Click the link for more information. , the painter Lucas Cranach Lucas Cranach, the Younger, 1515–86, continued the tradition of his father whose workshop, signature, and popularity he inherited. Their work is often indistinguishable.
See study ed. by E. Ruhmer (1963).
..... Click the link for more information. , the elder, worked there (16th cent.), and from 1708 to 1717 Johann Sebastian Bach Bach, Johann Sebastian (sābäs`tyän bäkh), 1685–1750, German composer and organist, b.
..... Click the link for more information. was court organist and concertmaster at Weimar. Under Dowager Duchess Amalia (1739–1807) and her son, Charles Augustus (1775–1828), Weimar reached the peak of its fame as a cultural center. After the arrival (1775) of Goethe Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (yō`hän vôlf`gäng fən gö`tə)
..... Click the link for more information. at the court, Weimar and Goethe became virtually synonymous. Goethe not only made Weimar the literary capital of Europe during his lifetime, but he also attracted such men as Herder Herder, Johann Gottfried von (yō`hän gôt`frēt fən hĕr`dər)
..... Click the link for more information. and Schiller Schiller, Friedrich von, 1759–1805, German dramatist, poet, and historian, one of the greatest of German literary figures, b. Marbach, Württemberg.
..... Click the link for more information. , established and directed the Weimar theater, and as chief minister of Charles Augustus was active in the physical improvement of the city. The Weimar state theater was the site of the first performances of most of Goethe's and many of Schiller's plays. After Goethe's death (1832) Weimar lived mainly on its past reputation, but its active cultural life continued. Franz Liszt Liszt, Franz (fränts lĭst), 1811–86, Hungarian composer and pianist.
..... Click the link for more information. was musical director there in the mid-19th cent., and Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin was first performed (1850) in Weimar. The fact that Friedrich Nietzsche Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (frē`drĭkh vĭl`hĕlm nē`chə), 1844–1900, German philosopher, b.
..... Click the link for more information. lived and died at Weimar resulted in the foundation there of the important Nietzsche Archives by his sister. In 1919, Weimar was the scene of the German national assembly that established the republican government known as the "Weimar Republic." The Bauhaus Bauhaus (bou`hous), school of art and architecture in Germany.
..... Click the link for more information. art school was first established (1919) in Weimar. Among the landmarks of the city are the parish church, with the graves of Lucas Cranach and Herder and with an altarpiece by Cranach; the former grand ducal palace (built 1789–1803) and the ducal crypt with the graves of Goethe and Schiller; Belvedere castle (1724–32); the residences of Goethe, Schiller, and Liszt; Goethe's garden cottage; the state theater; the Goethe National Museum; and the nearby ducal castle of Tiefurt. The city has a state college of music and an academy of art and architecture, and it is the seat of the Goethe and Schiller archives. Buchenwald Buchenwald (b
..... Click the link for more information. , the Nazi concentration camp (1937–45), was located nearby; it is now the site of a memorial to the 56,000 who died there.
Weimar
rĭn`jə), Ger. Thüringen, state (1994 pop...... Click the link for more information. , central Germany, on the Ilm River. It is an industrial, transportation, and cultural center. Manufactures include agricultural machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and furniture. Known in the 10th cent., Weimar became important only in the 16th cent. when it was made the capital of the duchy (after 1815 the grand duchy) of Saxe-Weimar Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, which resulted from the reunion in 1741, was the most important of the Thuringian principalities. It gained its greatest prosperity and cultural importance under Duke Charles Augustus , the patron and friend of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who made Weimar , the
..... Click the link for more information. . It developed as a cultural center of international importance. Under Elector John Frederick I John Frederick I, 1503–54, elector (1532–47) and duke (1547–54) of Saxony; last elector of the Ernestine branch of the house of Wettin . Like his father, John the Steadfast, whom he succeeded, John Frederick was a devout Lutheran.
..... Click the link for more information. , the painter Lucas Cranach Lucas Cranach, the Younger, 1515–86, continued the tradition of his father whose workshop, signature, and popularity he inherited. Their work is often indistinguishable.
Bibliography
See study ed. by E. Ruhmer (1963).
..... Click the link for more information. , the elder, worked there (16th cent.), and from 1708 to 1717 Johann Sebastian Bach Bach, Johann Sebastian (sābäs`tyän bäkh), 1685–1750, German composer and organist, b.
..... Click the link for more information. was court organist and concertmaster at Weimar. Under Dowager Duchess Amalia (1739–1807) and her son, Charles Augustus (1775–1828), Weimar reached the peak of its fame as a cultural center. After the arrival (1775) of Goethe Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (yō`hän vôlf`gäng fən gö`tə)
..... Click the link for more information. at the court, Weimar and Goethe became virtually synonymous. Goethe not only made Weimar the literary capital of Europe during his lifetime, but he also attracted such men as Herder Herder, Johann Gottfried von (yō`hän gôt`frēt fən hĕr`dər)
..... Click the link for more information. and Schiller Schiller, Friedrich von, 1759–1805, German dramatist, poet, and historian, one of the greatest of German literary figures, b. Marbach, Württemberg.
..... Click the link for more information. , established and directed the Weimar theater, and as chief minister of Charles Augustus was active in the physical improvement of the city. The Weimar state theater was the site of the first performances of most of Goethe's and many of Schiller's plays. After Goethe's death (1832) Weimar lived mainly on its past reputation, but its active cultural life continued. Franz Liszt Liszt, Franz (fränts lĭst), 1811–86, Hungarian composer and pianist.
..... Click the link for more information. was musical director there in the mid-19th cent., and Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin was first performed (1850) in Weimar. The fact that Friedrich Nietzsche Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (frē`drĭkh vĭl`hĕlm nē`chə), 1844–1900, German philosopher, b.
..... Click the link for more information. lived and died at Weimar resulted in the foundation there of the important Nietzsche Archives by his sister. In 1919, Weimar was the scene of the German national assembly that established the republican government known as the "Weimar Republic." The Bauhaus Bauhaus (bou`hous), school of art and architecture in Germany.
..... Click the link for more information. art school was first established (1919) in Weimar. Among the landmarks of the city are the parish church, with the graves of Lucas Cranach and Herder and with an altarpiece by Cranach; the former grand ducal palace (built 1789–1803) and the ducal crypt with the graves of Goethe and Schiller; Belvedere castle (1724–32); the residences of Goethe, Schiller, and Liszt; Goethe's garden cottage; the state theater; the Goethe National Museum; and the nearby ducal castle of Tiefurt. The city has a state college of music and an academy of art and architecture, and it is the seat of the Goethe and Schiller archives. Buchenwald Buchenwald (b
..... Click the link for more information. , the Nazi concentration camp (1937–45), was located nearby; it is now the site of a memorial to the 56,000 who died there.
Weimar
a city in E central Germany, in Thuringia: a cultural centre in the 18th and early 19th century; scene of the adoption (1919) of the constitution of the Weimar Republic. Pop.: 64 409 (2003 est.)
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