Xerxes I (Xerxes the Great) (zûrk`sēz), d. 465 B.C., king of ancient Persia (486–465 B.C.). His name in Old Persian is Khshayarsha, in the Bible Ahasuerus Ahasuerus (āhăs'y
..... Click the link for more information. . He was the son of Darius I and Atossa, daughter of Cyrus the Great. After bringing (484 BC.) Egypt once more under Persian rule, Xerxes prepared for an invasion of Greece (see Persian Wars Persian Wars, 500 B.C.–449 B.C., series of conflicts fought between Greek states and the Persian Empire. The writings of Herodotus , who was born c.484 B.C., are the great source of knowledge of the history of the wars.
..... Click the link for more information. ) by constructing a bridge of boats across the Hellespont and cutting a canal through the isthmus of Athos. Setting out from Sardis, he marched through Thrace and Macedonia and, despite the bravery of Leonidas Leonidas (lēŏn`ĭdəs), d. 480 B.C., king of Sparta. He succeeded (c.491 B.C.) his half brother, Cleomenes I.
..... Click the link for more information. and his 300 Spartans, overthrew (480) the Lacedaemonians at Thermopylae Thermopylae (thərmŏp`ĭlē) [Gr.
..... Click the link for more information. . He then occupied and pillaged Athens. In the same year his fleet was destroyed at Salamis. Leaving an army under his general, Mardonius, he retired into Asia. He was slain by the captain of his bodyguard and was succeeded by his son Artaxerxes I Artaxerxes I (är'təzûrk`sēz), d. 425 B.C., king of ancient Persia (464–425 B.C.), of the dynasty of the Achaemenis.
..... Click the link for more information. .
(born c. 519 BC—died 465 BC, Persepolis) Persian king (486–465 BC) of the Achaemenian dynasty. The son of Darius I, he had been governor of Babylon before his succession. He ferociously suppressed rebellions in Egypt (484) and Babylonia (482). To avenge Darius's defeat by the Greeks at the Battle of Marathon, he spent three years raising a massive army and navy. When a storm destroyed the bridges he had built to cross the Hellespont, he had them rebuilt and for seven days oversaw the crossing of his army, numbering 360,000 troops by modern estimates, supported by more than 700 ships. The Persians broke through at the Battle of Thermopylae and pillaged Athens, but then lost their navy at the Battle of Salamis (480). Xerxes returned to Asia, leaving the army behind; it withdrew after its defeat at the Battle of Plataea (479). In Persia he began an extensive building campaign at Persepolis. Drawn unwittingly into palace intrigues, he killed his brother's family at the queen's demand. He was murdered by members of his court. His setback in Greece was regarded as the beginning of the decline of the Achaemenid dynasty.
Xerxes I
..... Click the link for more information. . He was the son of Darius I and Atossa, daughter of Cyrus the Great. After bringing (484 BC.) Egypt once more under Persian rule, Xerxes prepared for an invasion of Greece (see Persian Wars Persian Wars, 500 B.C.–449 B.C., series of conflicts fought between Greek states and the Persian Empire. The writings of Herodotus , who was born c.484 B.C., are the great source of knowledge of the history of the wars.
..... Click the link for more information. ) by constructing a bridge of boats across the Hellespont and cutting a canal through the isthmus of Athos. Setting out from Sardis, he marched through Thrace and Macedonia and, despite the bravery of Leonidas Leonidas (lēŏn`ĭdəs), d. 480 B.C., king of Sparta. He succeeded (c.491 B.C.) his half brother, Cleomenes I.
..... Click the link for more information. and his 300 Spartans, overthrew (480) the Lacedaemonians at Thermopylae Thermopylae (thərmŏp`ĭlē) [Gr.
..... Click the link for more information. . He then occupied and pillaged Athens. In the same year his fleet was destroyed at Salamis. Leaving an army under his general, Mardonius, he retired into Asia. He was slain by the captain of his bodyguard and was succeeded by his son Artaxerxes I Artaxerxes I (är'təzûrk`sēz), d. 425 B.C., king of ancient Persia (464–425 B.C.), of the dynasty of the Achaemenis.
..... Click the link for more information. .
Bibliography
See P. Green, Xerxes at Salamis (1970).
Xerxes I
Persian Khshayarsha)
Xerxes I, detail of a bas-relief of the north courtyard in the treasury at Persepolis, late …
(credit: Courtesy of the Oriental Institute, the University of Chicago)
Xerxes I
?519--465 bc, king of Persia (485--465), who led a vast army against Greece. His forces were victorious at Thermopylae but his fleet was defeated at Salamis (480) and his army at Plataea (479)
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