`kŏn), river, c.2,000 mi (3,220 km) long, rising in Atlin Lake, NW British Columbia, Canada, and receiving numerous headwater streams; one of the longest rivers of North America. It flows generally northwest, past Dawson and across the Alaska border, to Fort Yukon, thence generally southwest through central Alaska until, in a wide swing north, it enters Norton Sound of the Bering Sea through a delta that is 60 mi (97 km) wide. Its chief tributaries are the Teslin, Pelly, White, Stewart, Porcupine, Tanana, and Koyukuk rivers. The river is incised in the Yukon Plateau; marshy land borders much of its upper course. The Yukon is navigable for river boats three months of the year to Whitehorse, c.1,775 mi (2,860 km) upstream.
The Yukon basin is one of the most sparsely populated and least developed regions of North America. Much of its history, exploration, and development centers on the river system. Its lower reaches were explored (1836–37, 1843) by Russians, and in 1843 Robert Campbell of the Hudson's Bay Company explored the upper course. During the Klondike gold rush (1897–98) the Yukon was a major route to the gold fields. Greater development of the basin occurred in the mid-1900s due to its strategic location, and several military installations were later built.
The Yukon River is a major salmon-spawning ground, and salmon fishing is an important seasonal activity. The Yukon is used to generate hydroelectricity, but it remains one of the greatest undeveloped hydroelectric resources in North America. On the river's banks are fur-trading posts, missions, native villages, and towns with modern airports serving vast areas.
Yukon
or Yukon TerritoryTerritory (pop., 2001 est.: 30,000), northwestern Canada. Bounded by Alaska, U.S., to the west, and the Canadian Northwest Territories to the east and British Columbia to the south, its capital is Whitehorse. Drained by the Yukon River system, it has some of the highest mountains in North America, notably the Saint Elias Mountains and Mount Logan, Canada's highest peak. It was originally settled by American Indians and the Inuit (Eskimo). The first European visitor (1825) was British explorer John Franklin, who was seeking the Northwest Passage. Sporadic settlement occurred thereafter. The discovery of gold in the 1870s later resulted in the Klondike gold rush. In 1898 it was separated from the Northwest Territories and given territorial status. The economic boost from the gold rush soon abated, and the exploitation of other minerals expanded and continued throughout the 20th century. Its economic mainstays, though, are government services and tourism.
Yukon
Yukon
a river in Canada and the United States (Alaska). The Yukon is 3,700 km long and drains an area of 855,000 sq km. Its sources are in the mountains bordering the Yukon Plateau in the southeast. The principal source is the Lewes River, which originates in the Cordilleras. The Yukon empties into Norton Sound of the Bering Sea, forming a delta. Its principal tributaries are the Tanana (on the left) and the Pelly, Porcupine, and Koyukuk (on the right).
The Yukon flows in a deep mountain valley, sometimes through canyons, until its confluence with the Pelly. More than one-half of its entire course flows across plains, where its valley reaches 30 km in width. The river is fed primarily by snow. High water occurs in May and June. The water level in the lower course rises 15–20 m above the low stage level. Ocean tides penetrate the river 160 km upstream. The average discharge at the city of Eagle is 2,500 cu m per sec, and at the mouth, 6,500 cu m per sec.
The river has considerable hydroelectric power potential (3 gigawatts in the Canadian part), which is little used. It is navigable from May to September for a distance of 3,200 km, from the Whitehorse Rapids to the mouth. There are major landings at Koyukuk and Tanana in Alaska and at Whitehorse and Dawson in Canada.
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