Zoroaster (redirected from Zoaroaster)

Zoroaster (zōr`ōăs'tər), c.628 B.C.–c.551 B.C., religious teacher and prophet of ancient Persia, founder of Zoroastrianism. Zoroaster, the name by which he is ordinarily known, is derived from the Greek form of Zarathushtra (or Zarathustra) [camel handler?], his Persian name. Zoroaster is believed to have been born in NW Persia. His youthful studies were crowned at the age of 30 by the first of a series of revelations of a new religion. His attempts to proselytize at home failed, and he fled east to ancient Chorasmia (now largely Iranian Khorasan), where he converted King Vishtaspa (who may have been Hystaspes, the father of Darius). The religion then spread rapidly through Vishtaspa's domain. The circumstances of Zoroaster's death are not known.

Bibliography

See E. Herzfeld, Zoroaster and His World (1947); R. C. Zaehner, The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism (1961).

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Zoroaster

 or Zarathustra

(born c. 628, probably Rhages, Iran—died c. 551 BCE) Iranian religious reformer and prophet, founder of Zoroastrianism and Parsiism. He was a priest in his tribal religion, with which he eventually became disillusioned. Having received a vision, he began teaching that Ahura Mazda was the highest god and alone was worthy of worship, a concept that went against the polytheism of Iranian religion. He forbade the orgiastic rites that accompanied animal sacrifice, common in his time, but preserved the ancient cult of fire worship. After converting a king called Vishtaspa to his teachings, Zoroaster remained at the royal court. He became the subject of legends and a model for various occupations.

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Zoroaster

?628--?551 bc, Persian prophet; founder of Zoroastrianism

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Zoroaster 

(Iranian and Greek form of the name Zarathushtra), religious reformer; prophet of the ancient Iranian religion that has come to be called Zoroastrianism. Modern scholarship has established that Zoroaster was a real historical figure, who composed the Gathas, the most ancient part of the Avesta. Zoroaster probably lived between the tenth and first half of the sixth century B.C. and taught in eastern Iran, Middle Asia, or Afghanistan, but exactly where and when he lived has not been established. According to the Gathas, his teachings met at first with failure in his native land, and he was forced to seek asylum at the court of the kavi (local ruler) Vishtaspa, who most likely ruled in Drangiana. Vishtaspa and his following accepted the new religion, facilitating its diffusion. In the Little Avesta, Zoroaster is treated as a mythological figure and demigod.

REFERENCES

Abaev, V. I. “Skifskii byt i reforma Zoroastra.” Archiv. Orientální, 1956, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 23–56.
D’iakonov, I. M. “Vostochnyi Iran do Kira.” In the collection Istoriia Iranskogo gosudarstva i kul’tury. Moscow, 1971.
Henning, W. E.Zoroaster. London, 1951.
Duchesne-Guillemin, LZoroastre. Paris [1948].
Gershevitch, I. “Zoroaster’s Own Contribution.” Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 1964, no. 1, pp. 12–38.