Shame makes Charmides unable to avow or disavow that he is temperate, and it then inspires the second definition: "sophrosyne seems to me to make people ashamed and bashful, and so I think modesty (
aidos) must be what sophrosyne really is." (31)
A sub-species of fear, and a sub-species to which Belfiore gives a central place, is
aidos, which signifies a fear of whatever will bring shame or disgrace.
Carson tell us that the little Greek word "
aidos" encompassed
As part of the rescheduled 99 Revolutions Tour (for the three companion albums, "AiUno!," "
AiDos!" and "AiTre!"), Green Day performed a career-spanning, two-and-a-half-hour, 27-song set that included a three-song encore and at least one song from each of the band's albums.
Boys and men were the objects of the gaze, and the primary sign of respectable women's relationship to the gaze in antiquity was their modesty or
aidos; that in turn was related, at least in ideology, to their relegation to the private sphere, not to be looked at, and to their stereotypically downcast eyes when in public.
People come to desire virtuous acts through internalizing punishment, that is, learning to feel
aidos (shame, guilt, remorse).