All in the family:
Aldose reductase and closely related aldo-keto reductases.
Oates, "
Aldose reductase, ocular diabetic complications and the development of topical Kinostat," Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, vol.
Gunn et al., "Discovery of 3 [(4,5,7-trifluorobenzothiazol-2-yl)methyl]indole-N-acetic acid (lidorestat) and congeners as highly potent and selective inhibitors of
aldose reductase for treatment of chronic diabetic complications," Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol.
Kinoshita, "Prevention of retinal vessel changes associated with diabetic retinopathy in galactose-fed dogs by
aldose reductase inhibitors," Archives of Ophthalmology, vol.
Retinal capillaries: Basement membrane thickening prevented with
aldose reductase inhibitor.
Aldose reductase, the metabolizing enzyme that catalyzes reduction of glucose to sorbitol, get up regulated in presence of high glucose concentration and produce more amount of Sorbitol (Muirhead and Hothersall, 1995).
Hyperglycemia significantly influences a protein complex that controls DNA transcription, cytokine production, and cell survival and activates NF-[kappa]B via an
aldose reductasecontrolled pathway [47].
In addition, it has been proposed that oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation, increased
aldose reductase activity, and activated protein kinase C (PKC) have been involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in T2DM [3, 4, 6, 7].
1: Reactions in the model containing AKR7A2 in the Gene-Protein-Reaction rules Reaction IDs are those from Recon 2 Reaction ID Reaction name ALR2
Aldose reductase (methylglyosal) ALR3
Aldose reductase (acetol) SBTR D-sorbitol reductase ARABR Arabinose reductase LALDO2x D-Lactaldehyde:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase PPDOx Propane-1,2-diol:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase Reaction ID GPR rule GPR rule (gene ID) ALR2 (8574.1) or (10327.1) or AKR7A2 or AKR1A1 or AKR1B1 (231.1) or (10327.2) ALR3 (8574.1) or (10327.1) or AKR7A2 or AKR1A1 or AKR1B1 (231.1) or (10327.2) SBTR (8574.1) or (10327.1) or AKR7A2 or AKR1A1 or AKR1B1 (231.1) or (10327.2) ARABR (8574.1) AKR7A2 LALDO2x (8574.1) AKR7A2 PPDOx (8574.1) AKR7A2 Tab.