The PI3K/AKT-mTOR pathway may also play a role in these tumors, with increased PI3K/AKT being reported in PA, particularly those with
anaplasia (41,74).
Microscopic examination of tumor mass revealed high degree of cellular
anaplasia, pleomorphism and varying degree of mitotic activity, spindle to stellate shaped cells with elongated plumpy nuclei arranged in form of interlacing bundles (Fig.
Hematoxylin and eosin stains showed nests of cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm separated by a hyalinized stroma, with no evidence of
anaplasia or invasion, consistent with a Paraganglioma.
Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were moderate, while pleomorphism and
anaplasia were low-grade.
[6] Large tumor size, high cellularity,
anaplasia, high Ki-67 expression, and high mitotic activity seem to be associated with adverse outcomes.
Ha marcada e universal hiperplasia e
anaplasia trofoblastica.
The most commonly used systems are based on the degree of
anaplasia of the tumor cells.
Features suggestive of malignancy include a tumor diameter greater than 5 cm, necrosis, hemorrhage, cellular
anaplasia, and a high mitotic rate ([greater than or equal to] 4/10 hpf).
(27) Cellular
anaplasia, loss of polarity, discohesion, nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, pleomorphism and atypical mitoses are the histopathological hallmarks of CIS.