But Salah al-Din -- the first sultan of Egypt and Syria, and founder of the
Ayyubid dynasty -- ordered Tannis to be abandoned during the Christian Crusades.
By contrast, the two-century-long rule of the Rasulids, beginning in the 1200s and initially based in Aden, identified the coastal regions and the southern uplands with Shafi'i Islam,the Rasulids, one of the major dynasties in the history of Yemen, broke from the Egyptian
Ayyubid dynasty to rule independently, their capital, later located at Ta'izz, was famous for its diverse artistic and intellectual achievements.
The cockatoo, a small bird native to Papua New Guinea and northern Australia (commonly referred to as Australasia) was a gift from the
Ayyubid Dynasty that ruled over large parts of the Middle East.
The citadel was built by the order of the first sultan of Egypt and founder of the
Ayyubid dynasty, Salah ad-Din (also known as Saladin), in 1176, and was completed in 1183.
Constructed in 572, according to the Islamic calendar, by the first Sultan of the
Ayyubid dynasty, Salah el-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub, the well was built to provide the citadel with water during military sieges.
In the 12th century, the
Ayyubid dynasty work shows a progression.
Later on the
Ayyubid dynasty was defeated by the Mamluks (1250-1517).
Werthmuller (history, Azusa Pacific U.) explores these events as a window into the forces that shaped Coptic communal identity under the
Ayyubid dynasty. While the Copts certainly played an active role in shaping the boundaries of their own identity, these boundaries were constantly redefined by the situational politics and personal idiosyncrasies of the Muslim leadership.
While the Mufarrij has been described as a panegyric to the
Ayyubid dynasty, Hirschler suggests that this is a simplistic reading; rather, Ibn Wasil was embedded in the establishment, and his chronicle reflects the view of an establishment figure.
King Fulk of Jerusalem was also surrounded by Muslim forces in the city, which fell under the rule of the
Ayyubid dynasty and became part of Hama.Gschwind concluded by noting that the distinguishing point between Syrian archeological sites and European ones is that the Romans used to build their cities in Syria on the ruins of older cities, as opposed to building new cities as they did in Europe, which is why ancient Syrian cities are so deep-rooted and date back to much older times that their European counterparts.H.