basal membrane

[′bā·səl ′mem‚brān]

(anatomy)

The tissue beneath the pigment layer of the retina that forms the outer layer of the choroid.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Basal Membrane

in vertebrate animals and man, the boundary film between the epithelium (or endothelium) and underlying loose connective tissue from which it is formed. The basal membrane consists of a diffuse substance and the fibers embedded in it. It serves to strengthen the epithelial layer of cells and prevents its cells from shifting deep into the connective tissue. Impairment of the basal membrane causes the epithelium to grow into the underlying connective tissue (for example, in chronic inflammation and malignant degeneration). The fact that the basal membrane is permeable to some metabolites indicates that it plays a definite part in metabolism.

Mentioned in

References in periodicals archive

These cells were connected by tight junctions and were highly polarized with an apical membrane forming microvilli and a basolateral membrane that stained positively for [Na.sup.+]/ [K.sup.+]-ATPase.

RPTEC/TERT1 Cells Form Highly Differentiated Tubules When Cultured in a 3D Matrix

(72) The Phase II estrogen metabolite, estradiol-17[beta]-d-glucuronide (E217[beta]G), triggers internalization of both BSEP and MRP2, (73) while LPS causes relocation of MRP2 to the basolateral membrane. (74) Each of these factors negatively impacts the ability of the hepatocyte to transport toxins out into the bile.

A Push-Catch System That Enables Effective Detoxification

In addition to directly activating the main BS efflux systems, under cholestatic conditions, FXR concurrently downregulates the main BS uptake systems, primarily NTCP in the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and ASBT in the ileal epithelium.

New Insights in Genetic Cholestasis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications

Second is the beginning of the colloid stage (10 to 11 GW) with developing small follicles with polarizing thyrocytes that express TPO in the apical membrane, TSHR in the basolateral membrane, NIS in cytoplasm, and TG in follicular lumen and culminates with T4 synthesis.

Histopathological Characterization and Whole Exome Sequencing of Ectopic Thyroid: Fetal Architecture in a Functional Ectopic Gland from Adult Patient

In zebrafish larvae, Aqplal was localized in the basolateral membrane of ionocytes of the yolk sac skin, where they were assigned a role in transcellular water transport (Kwong et al., 2013).

Water transport and functional dynamics of aquaporins in osmoregulatory organs of fishes

At present, the renal membrane transporters have been cloned and identified [8, 9], and, among these, organic anion transporters 1 (Oatl: SLC22A6) and 3 (Oat3: SLC22A8) are the highest expression [10] on the basolateral membrane and play the primary role in organic anion clearance from blood circulation to renal tubular epithelial cells, resulting in excretion of organic anions into tubular lumen.

Antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of Cladophora glomerata Kutzing extract in experimental type 2 diabetic rats: a potential nutraceutical product for diabetic nephropathy

The human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) (gene symbol SLCO1B1, previously OaTP2, OATP-C, and LST-1) [4] is expressed solely on the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes, facilitating the uptake of clinically relevant compounds such as antibacterial drugs, statins, and chemotherapeutic drugs [5].

The signature sequence region of the human drug transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 is important for protein surface expression

The modifications were the following (Table): in resection specimens, staining limited to the basolateral membrane, or U-shaped (which would have been considered incomplete staining and thus negative in breast carcinoma), in [greater than or equal to] 10% of tumor cells is to be considered immunoreactive and further scored 1+ to 3+ according to its intensity (Figure 1, A through C) and interpreted in terms of HER2 overexpression as above; in biopsy specimens, cohesive clusters of at least 5 immunopositive tumor cells (Figure 1, D) replace the resection specimen criteria of [greater than or equal to] 10% of tumor cells, because of the small tissue sample size in biopsies.

HER2/neu gene amplification and protein overexpression in gastric and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a review of histopathology, diagnostic testing, and clinical implications

AQP-5 appeared mainly at the apical membrane of mucous glands, basolateral membrane and basal membrane of serous acini.

Dendrobium candidum extract increases the expression of aquaporin-5 in labial glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome