Participants were excluded from analysis for the following reasons: They collected less than 300 ml of urine (n = 57); they showed extreme
catecholamine levels, i.e., NE>140ng/mg (n = 4), EPI>26ng/mg (n = 4) or DA>800ng/mg (n = 5);
catecholamine values were below the level of detection (only for EPI, n = 17); or they were taking medication for Parkinson's Disease (only for DA analysis, n = 3).
[16] The limitation of the present study is that the serum
catecholamine levels were studied in few patients only (10 patients from each group) due to the high cost of the investigation.
hemodynamic and plasma
catecholamines responses to epinephrine containing perianal lidocaine anesthesia.
There are several relevant radiolabelled isotopes; these include [F-18]FDG, which targets metabolically active cells as well as [.sup.18]F-fluoro-DOPA ([F-18]-DOPA), which interacts with
catecholamine metabolism.
In our case, a change in hemodynamics was not observed at the start of surgery (Figure 1), and both
catecholamine and cortisol levels were low (Table 1), even though general anesthesia was maintained only by propofol.
Preoperative arterial embolization of pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas is not routinely performed because of the theoretical risk of
catecholamine release in circulation resulting in hypertensive crisis.
Moreover, the current study and prior studies [23, 24] demonstrated that plasma
catecholamine, an indicator of sympathetic nervous activity [25], also increased during exercise and recovered to normal range within 15 minutes after exercise.
Salbutamol is also synthetic
catecholamine that brings about severe myocardium stress and necrosis due to its structural similarity and mode of action with isoproterenol (Aslam et al., 2015).
Clonidine was first used by Metz et al., [34] who demonstrated that it lowers the basal plasma
catecholamine levels in healthy adult males.
Magnesium inhibits the release of
catecholamine from both adrenal glands and adrenergic nerve terminals in response to sympathetic stimulation.
In animal studies, it was observed that the effect of caffeine was partly due to endogenous
catecholamine release and partly to the intrinsic calorigenic mechanism4.
United States-based La Jolla Pharmaceutical has met its primary endpoint in a phase three study of
catecholamine resistant hypotension drug, LJPC-501 (angiotensin II), it was reported yesterday.