In relation to MMPs, many of them are synthesized by
chondrocytes. MMP-9 and MMP-13 can cleavage the type II collagen, disrupting collagen network.
Fortier et al, found that
chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exposed to PRP showed increase in cell count along with proteoglycan and collagen type-II synthesis8.
The scaffolds were evaluated in vitro by seeding with rat nasal septum
chondrocytes and did not show any cytotoxic properties.
Once the particles reach the
chondrocytes, the IGF-1 molecules bind to receptors on the cell surfaces and stimulate the cells to start producing proteoglycans, the building blocks of cartilage and other connective tissues.
Chondrocytes were then centrifuged and suspended in the agarose solution at a density of 2 x 106 cells/ml.
Generally, OA is an articular cartilage injury caused by an imbalance in the degradation and synthesis of
chondrocytes, extracellular matrix, and subchondral bone.
Primary
chondrocytes were harvested from full thickness cartilage of metacarpophalangeal joints of a fresh equine cadaver obtained from the local slaughterhouse (N =1, 5 years old).
Furthermore, the effect of exosomes in mediating cellular communication between stem cells and
chondrocytes was also summarized in this review article.
MSCs have the ability to differentiate into
chondrocytes in a nonvascularized area [5, 6].
The reserve zone (ZR) is composed of progenitor
chondrocytes. These cells are crucial for the orientation of the
chondrocyte columns of the contiguous zones, and therefore, fundamental in the orientation of bone growth, probably secreting a PC orientation factor (Mackie et al.).
The effects of these inflammatory mediators in articular cartilage,
chondrocytes and synoviocytes have been reported.