a city and port in southern India, in Kerala State, on the bank of one of the lagoons of the Arabian Sea. Population, 438,000 (1971). In 1502, at the time of the arrival of Europeans on the Malabar Coast, Vasco da Gama’s expedition reached Cochin. A Portuguese fort was founded there in 1503, and since the 17th century, the city has been an important trading center. The port’s annual freight turnover is about 2.5 million tons. Exports through Cochin include coconuts, rubber, tea, cashew nuts, and spices, and the principal imports are coal, petroleum and petroleum products, grain, and machinery. The city has textile and food-processing plants and an oil refinery.