(Dalmacija). a historical region in Yugoslavia, on the territory of the present-day socialist republics of Croatia and Montenegro.
The concept of “Dalmatia” changed over the course of centuries. In ancient times it was populated by Illyrian tribes, including the Dalmatae (hence the name) and Liburnians. In the first century A.D. it became a Roman province, and in the sixth century it came under the rule of Byzantium. In the sixth and seventh centuries, Dalmatia was captured by the Croats and Serbs (in the south). In the ninth century the Dalmatian cities became part of the Croatian state, and in the beginning of the 12th century they were taken over by Hungary. From 1420 to 1797, Dalmatia, except for Dubrovnik. was ruled by Venice. In the 16th century the interior regions of Dalmatia were captured by the Turks. According to the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797). Dalmatia was transferred to Austria and was under her rule until 1918 (except for the period 1805–13, when it was ceded to France and was part of the Illyrian Provinces). After the fall of Austria-Hungary in 1918, Dalmatia, except Zadar (which, in addition to several islands, was captured by Italy), became part of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (since 1929, Yugoslavia). After the breakup of Yugoslavia by the fascist aggressors (1941), Dalmatia was included as part of the Croatian puppet government. Toward the end of 1944 it was liberated from the occupiers by the People’s Liberation Army of Yugoslavia. In 1945, Dalmatia became part of Croatia. The southern part of Dalmatia has been part of Montenegro since 1945.
A. E. MOSKALENKO