There is a mandatory cardiac shunt (usually ASD or patent
ductus arteriosis (PDA)) in patients with TAPVD, the absence of which is a fatal condition.
Freeman, who owns 10-year-old Hazel, a Jack Russell terrier with mitral valve prolapse, and 2-year-old Tally, a Cavalier King Charles spaniel with patent
ductus arteriosis.
When persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) occurs, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) is high, resulting in right-to-left shunting of blood through the patent
ductus arteriosis and foramen ovale.
These include respiratory distress syndrome, brain damage, blindness, infection, chronic lung disease, and a heart disease (patent
ductus arteriosis) that may require surgery.