the official identifying symbol of a country, the design of which is established by law, usually by a constitution. The national flag, a symbol of a state’s sovereignty, is a piece of cloth of one or more colors, displaying an official seal or other emblem.
The Constitution of the USSR describes the national flag of the USSR as a red rectangular piece of cloth displaying, in the upper corner near the staff, a gold hammer and sickle under a red five-pointed star outlined in gold. The flag’s length is twice its width. Descriptions of the flags of the Union republics are found in the republics’ respective constitutions.
The flag’s colors and emblems are not arbitrary but have a definite symbolic meaning. According to the Statute on the State Flag of the USSR, dated Aug. 19, 1955, the flag “is a symbol of the national sovereignty of the USSR and the indestructible union of workers and peasants struggling to build a communist society.” The red color symbolizes the heroic struggle of the Soviet people, led by the CPSU, to construct socialism and communism. The hammer and sickle stand for the unshakable union of the working class and the kolkhoz peasantry. The red five-pointed star is a symbol of the ultimate triumph of the ideas of communism on the five continents of the earth.
National flags are flown over government buildings, embassies, consulates, missions, customs offices, and elsewhere. On national holidays, embassies, missions, and consulates display the flags of their home countries. Flags are also displayed at the openings of international conferences, during official ceremonies, and at the awards ceremonies of international athletic competitions.
On official holidays, the flags of the USSR and the Union republics are displayed over buildings of national and local governmental institutions, enterprises, and public organizations. In foreign countries they are flown over USSR embassies, consulates, missions, and buildings housing trade delegations; at home they are also displayed at railroad stations, harbors, and terminals, on ships of the navy and merchant fleet of the USSR, and at private dwellings.