galactosamine

[gə‚lak′tō·sə‚mēn]

(biochemistry)

C₆H₁₄O₅N A crystalline amino acid derivative of galactose; found in bacterial cell walls.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Galactosamine

(also chondrosamine, 2-amino-2-deoxygalactose), an amino sugar; first isolated from cartilaginous tissue. A strong base, readily soluble in water, and optically active.

An important derivative of glactosamine is N-acetyl-galactosamine, which is present as a repeating unit in chondroitin; N-acetylgalactosamine sulfate is present in chondroitin sulfates and keratosulfate. Along with glucosamine, galactosamine is a structural element in the polysaccharide of group-specific mucoids in humans and animals and also as part of the specific polysaccharide of pneumococci.

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References in periodicals archive

Schwartz et al., "Rat liver insulin mediator which stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase contains galactosamine and D-chiroinositol," Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.

Metabolism and ovarian function in PCOS women: a therapeutic approach with inositols

Acute hepatic injury was induced by the highly specific hepatotoxin galactosamine (Sigma-Aldrich, Spruce St., St Louis, USA) (2.5 g/kgi.p.) [8].

Comparative neuroprotective effects of dexamethasone and minocycline during hepatic encephalopathy

We also found that catechin-rich green tea prevented liver fibrosis after hepatic injury induced by galactosamine through the down-regulation of the gene expression of collagens.

Health-promoting effects of green tea

Medicinal properties include anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective activities against galactosamine, paracetamol intoxication, cancer therapy and anti HIV activity (Puri 1993).

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on andrographolide concentration in Andrographis paniculata

Free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective activity of Jigrine against galactosamine induced hepatopathy in rats.

Hepatoprotective activity of six polyherbal formulations in paracetamol induced liver toxicity in mice

Isolation and characterization of isolectins with galactose/N-acetyl galactosamine specificity from hemolymph of the giant silkworm Hyalophora cecropia.

Specificity and developmental changes in hemagglutinating activity of serum of the desert locust Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

These enzymes have been shown to hydrolyse heparan sulphate, which consists of N-acetylated or N sulphated glucosamine or galactosamine linked to glucoronic or iduronic acid.

Analysis of glycosidases activity in Chlamydia trachomatis L2 serotype

Acid monosaccharides (galacturonic, glucoronic) and amino sugars (galactosamine, glucosamine) were found in smaller proportions.

Hydrolysable carbohydrate in tropical soils under adjacent forest and savanna vegetation in Lamto, Cote d'Ivoire

D-chiro-Inositol is a component of galactosamine D-chiro-inositol, a putative insulin mediator (Larner et al., 1988; Romero and Larner, 1993), believed to be deficient in subjects with NIDDM (Asplin et al., 1993) because of abnormal D-chiro-inositol metabolism (Kennington et al., 1990; Ortmeyer et al., 1993).

Fagopyritol accumulation and germination of buckwheat seeds matured at 15, 22, and 30[degrees]C

By the same strategy, the SVM was able to recognize animals that had been exposed to the hepatotoxicant galactosamine but failed to respond with the typical necrosis and inflammation of the liver.

Supervised sorting: training computers to classify toxicants

The test screens a mucus sample for a specific galactosamine that is secreted in excessive amounts by tumors.

Snot so bad. (Indications)

Andrographis was also found to be superior to silymarin in protecting the liver against paracetamol toxicity [16] and against paracetamol and galactosamine. [7]

Andrographis paniculata: Key Facts for Therapeutic Use