The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Gill Arches

the system of skeletal elements of the pharynx in cyclostomes and fish. Each gill arch embraces the pharynx in a half-ring. The majority of present-day fish have five gill arches; cyclostomes and some sharks have up to seven. In bony fish the number of gill arches may be reduced to three with the reduction of the posterior ones. Cyclostomes, cartilaginous fish, sturgeon, and dipnoans have cartilaginous gill arches; bony fish have bony gill arches.

Fully developed gill arches offish consist of four movably united segments. In bony fish the fifth gill arch, which is called the subpharyngeal bone, is usually rudimentary, but sometimes (in cyprinoids) bears teeth and is very powerful. In terrestrial vertebrates, the superior segments of the gill arches are reduced; the inferior ones participate in the formation of the subglossal apparatus and become the laryngeal cartilage.

REFERENCES

Severtsov, A. N. “Morfologiia vistseral’nogo apparata elasmobrankhii.” Sobr. soch., vol. 4. Moscow-Leningrad, 1948.
Gimmerreikh, G. A. “Vistseral’nyi apparat osetroobraznykh kak organ priema pishchi.” In Voprosy evoliutsionnoi morfologii pozvonochnykh. Moscow, 1963.

Mentioned in

References in periodicals archive

The initial anatomical regions with osteological development were mandible, pectoral fin (cleithrum), ceratobranchial and gill arches at 3 DPH in crimson snapper.

Skeletal Ontogeny and Anomalies in Larval and Juvenile Crimson Snapper, Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, 1790

pethericii ([[chi].sup.2]=0.022; P>0.05) between the right and left gill arches of C.

Spatial Distribution of Myxobolus Pethericii and Henneguya Pethericii on the Gills of an African Anabantid Ctenopoma Petherici from the Sange River, Cameroon

Later, as the gill arches enlarged, the gill rakers also enlarged, became longer, increased in number and became more complicated in shape due to the addition of side processes.

Gill rakers and teeth of three pleuronectiform species (Teleostei) of the Baltic Sea: a microichthyological approach/Kolme Laanemere lestalise (Pleuronectiformes, Teleostei) lopusepiid ja hambad: mikroihtuoloogiline kasitlus

The rostral extremities of gill arches are united forming a wide interbranchial septum between the contra-lateral gills.

Morphological Studies on the Gills of Puffer Fish (Lagocephalus sceleratus, Gmelin, 1789)/Estudios Morfologicos en Branquias del Pez Globo (Lagocephalus sceleratus, Gmelin, 1789)

Densities increase slightly on the gill arches (approximately 1600 denticles per c[m.sup.2]); however, these are smaller denticles (length 132 [+ or -] 5 [micro]m, width 120 [+ or -] 2 [micro]m) with a mean surface area of 7092 [+ or -]32 [micro][m.sup.2] (n = 8).

Structure and topographic distribution of oral denticles in elasmobranch fishes

There was also staining in the endothelium of vessels in the gill arches of the DR fish.

Structural changes in gill DNA reveal the effects of contaminants on Puget Sound fish

Approximately 460 million years ago, the anterior gill arches of some aquatic vertebrates evolved into jaws and their supporting structures, including the hyomandibular bone.

Phylogeny and embryology of the facial nerve and related structures. Part I: phylogeny

Consider the explanation that is often given for surprisingly deep and widespread homologies, such as the well known homologies in tetrapod skulls that derive from embryonic gill arches, or the newly discovered molecular homologies in the homeobox gene systems among all metazoa.

Monad to Man: The Concept of Progress in Evolutionary Biology

The piscinootest consists of the careful excision and removal of excess blood of gill arches from fish with provisional diagnosis of piscinoodiniasis (Figure 1A).

A fast and practical method for initial diagnosis of Piscinoodinium pillulare outbreaks: piscinootest/ Um metodo rapido e pratico para o diagnostico inicial de surtos de Piscinoodinium pillulare: piscinootest

It is also noted that the cartilage acts as a model to form dental bone, which at the stage of ova (350 UTA) bars cartilaginous gill arches (mandibular included) are differentiated bone ossification and dental tissue begins adjacent mesenchymal.

Morphological Study and Mineral Analysis of the Lower Mandible of Adult Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) from Scotland with Mandibular Deformation/ Estudio Morfologico y Analisis de Minerales de la Mandibula Inferior de Salmones del Atlantico (Salmo salar) Adultos con Deformacion Mandibular, Provenientes de Escocia

The colonization of the four pairs of gill arches by C.

Longitudinal exploitation of the transversal gradient of Oreochromis niloticus (Linne, 1758) gill system by Four Monogenean Species at Melen Fish Station (Yaounde, Cameroon)