Ground state

In quantum mechanics, the stationary state of lowest energy of a particle or a system of particles. The ground state may be bound or unbound; when bound, its energy generally is a finite amount less than the energy of the next higher or first excited state. In the typical circumstance that the potential energy is zero at infinite separation, the magnitude of the negative ground-state energy is the binding energy, that is, the energy required to separate all the particles infinitely. See Energy level (quantum mechanics), Excited state, Nuclear binding energy

ground state

See energy level.

Collins Dictionary of Astronomy © Market House Books Ltd, 2006

ground state

[′grau̇nd ‚stāt]

(quantum mechanics)

The stationary state of lowest energy of a particle or a system of particles.

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References in periodicals archive

It is seen that the increase of the magnetic field does not change the symmetry of the charge distribution in the ground state, providing only the spatial confinement around the donor location without mixing of the ground state with excited states.

Energy Spectrum of Shallow Donor in Elongated InAs/GaAs Volcano-Shaped Quantum Dot

For all the investigated reactions, DFT-B3LYP-Def2-TZVP and CASSCF-MRMP2 calculations were performed to obtain the energy profiles that join the ground state of the reactants with the observed products in the IR-matrix spectra, mainly the oxide complex OM([[eta].sub.2]-SO) and the sulfide oxide SM[O.sub.2].

Applying a Nonspin-Flip Reaction Scheme to Explain for the Doublet Sulfide Oxides SM[O.sub.2] Observed for the Reactions of S[O.sub.2] with V([sup.4]F), Nb([sup.6]D), and Ta([sup.4]F)

If curlA [equivalent to] 0 [equivalent to] curlB or A and B are both continuous at 0, then (2) has a nontrivial ground state solution.

Ground State Solutions for Schrodinger Problems with Magnetic Fields and Hardy-Sobolev Critical Exponents

The QCD sum rules are modified by including the contribution of the first radial excited states in addition to the ground state. Our predictions on the masses of the first radial excited states baryons are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Analysis of Radial Excitations of Octet Baryons in QCD Sum Rules

The ground state properties of CdO are studied from their total energies obtained from our calculation.

Band Structure, Density of States, Structural Phase Transition and Metallization in CdO Under High Pressure

In this mechanism, unstacked or poorly stacked pairs of bases relax to the ground state by an ultrafast internal conversion through the conical intersection (CI) between the lowest excited state and ground state of the monomer.

Competing deactivation channels for excited [pi]-stacked cytosines

The excited electron is only allowed by selection rules to return to the ground state, if and only if, its spin is opposed to that of the ground state electron.

The liquid metallic hydrogen model of the sun and the solar atmosphere VI. Helium in the chromosphere

They have found that all clusters (4 [less than or equal to] n [less than or equal to] 15) have the lowest spin state as their ground state except [Al.sub.4] (triplet), [Al.sub.4.sup.+] (quartet), [Al.sub.7.sup.-] (triplet), and maybe [Al.sub.5.sup.+] (singlet and triplet are degenerate).

First-principles study on stability and magnetism of [Ni.sub.m][Al.sub.n] (m = 1-3, n = 1-9) clusters

The "Orbitals" tab shows a complete orbital readout for each element's ground state, quantum numbers, oxidation states, and diagram following Hund's rules.

Dynamic periodic table