a state in northwestern India. Formed in 1966 from the Hindi-speaking areas in the southern part of the state of Punjab. Area, 44,000 sq km. Population, 11 million (1975). Haryana lies in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. The capital is the city of Chandigarh.
The economy of Haryana is primarily agricultural. Because of the arid climate, irrigation is necessary for farming, and more than 40 percent of the cultivated land is irrigated. The principal crops include wheat, barley, millet, and legumes; the state’s output of wheat is the fourth largest in India. In 1973, 3.5 million tons of grain were harvested. Industrial crops include cotton, sugarcane, and oil-bearing plants, such as peanuts. Purebred cattle and other types of livestock are raised.
The principal industries are food processing (particularly the manufacture of sugar), cotton milling and ginning (at Bhiwani), paper milling (at Jagadhri), and the manufacture of glass goods (at Ambala). A tractor plant is located at Pinjaur.