hydrazine

[′hī·drə‚zēn]

(inorganic chemistry)

H₂NNH₂ A colorless, hygroscopic liquid, boiling point 114°C, with an ammonialike odor; it is reducing, decomposable, basic, and bifunctional; used as a rocket fuel, in corrosion inhibition in boilers, and in the synthesis of biologically active materials, explosives, antioxidants, and photographic chemicals.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Hydrazine

(also called diamide), H₂N—NH₂, a colorless, hygroscopic liquid that fumes in air. Boiling point, 113.5° C; melting point, 2° C; density, 1,008 g/cm³ (at 20° C). Hydrazine is absolutely soluble in water and low alcohols. It is insoluble in hydrocarbons and other organic solvents. Aqueous solutions of hydrazine are basic (K = 8.5 x 10⁻⁷). With acids it forms salts of hydrazone, such as N₂H₅C1 and N₂H₆C1₂. Hydrazine is characterized by a high dielectric constant (52.9 at 20° C) and is able to dissolve many inorganic salts.

Hydrazine is an endothermal compound; heat of formation ΔH (1) = 50.24 kilojoules per mole (12.05 kilocalories per mole). Upon heating to 200°-300° C, hydrazine decomposes to N₂ and NH₃. In the presence of Fe₂0₃, it ignites at room temperature. A mixture of hydrazine vapor with air at a content of 4.67 percent or more by volume forms an explosive mixture. Liquid hydrazine is not sensitive to impact, friction, or detonation. It is toxic; the maximum permissible concentration in air is 0.0001 mg/l. Hydrazine is produced by oxidation of NH₃ or urea by hypochloride. It is used in organic synthesis, as a component of liquid rocket fuels, and in the production of plastics, cured rubber, insecticides, and explosives.

REFERENCE

Audrieth, L., and B. Ogg. Khimiia gidrazina. Moscow, 1954. (Translated from English.)

V. S. LAPIK

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References in periodicals archive

The Reaction of DHPMs Esters 4a-h with Hydrazine Hydrate in Ethanol.

Solvent-Free Ring Cleavage Hydrazinolysis of Certain Biginelli Pyrimidines

The antibacterial activities of all the synthesized (E)-1-benzylidene -2-(3-nitrophenyl) hydrazines are shown in Figure 2.

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Thermochemical analysis of hypergolic propellants based on triethylaluminum/nitrous oxide

All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification: nickel chloride (Ni[Cl.sub.2] x 6[H.sub.2]O) from Fisher Scientific, 98% hydrazine hydrate ([N.sub.2][H.sub.4] x [H.sub.2]O) from Aldrich, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) from EM Science.

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Investigation of the optimum concentration of phenyl hydrazine for the spectrophotometric analysis of glucose Estimation of glucose was carried out as oxidized glucosazone which is a colored compound.

Investigation of a New Spectrophotometric Method for the Analysis of Carbohydrates using glucose as model

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