hypoglossal nerve

[¦hī·pə¦gläs·əl ′nərv]

(neuroscience)

The twelfth cranial nerve; a paired motor nerve in tetrapod vertebrates innervating tongue muscles; corresponds to the hypobranchial nerve in fishes.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Hypoglossal Nerve

the 12th pair of cranial nerves. The hypoglossal nerve originates from the nerve cells that form its motor nucleus, which are located in the brain stem at the medulla oblongata. The appendages of the nerve cells unite in ten to 15 rootlets between the pyramid and the olive. Upon merging in a common trunk, they depart from the skull through the hypoglossal canal into the occipital bone. After leaving the skull, the hypoglossal nerve forms an arch and, at the anterior end of the hyoglossal muscle, branches into terminal branches, which innervate the musculature of the tongue. When a disorder of hypoglossal nerve exists, the corresponding half of the tongue becomes paralyzed, and the tongue muscles atrophy.

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References in periodicals archive

Gonzalez-Toledo, "Two-year-old with post-surgical hypoglossal nerve injury and obstructive sleep apnea," Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, vol.

Tongue Function: An Underrecognized Component in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Mandibular Repositioning Appliance

The hypoglossal nerve is the sole motor innervator of the tongue; denervation atrophy of the tongue can result in significant changes of the tongue [15].

Bilateral Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy due to Brainstem Infarction: A Rare Presentation of Presumed Pyogenic Meningitis

The most common cause is a tumor in the innervation path of the hypoglossal nerve, followed by trauma.

Transient hypoglossal nerve palsy after transoral intubation for general anesthesia

Atlantoaxial synovial cyst causing isolated unilateral hypoglossal nerve paralysis.

Consideraciones anatomicas y clinicas del nervio hipogloso: revision de la literatura

The device comprises a stimulation lead placed around the distal hypoglossal nerve, a pulse generator implanted subcutaneously below the clavicle in the upper chest, and a respiration-sensing lead inserted between the fourth and fifth ribs--implanted under general anesthesia.

FDA approves implantable tongue stimulator for apnea

During ND, the surgeons should pay attention to the integrity and the saving of many neural structures (spinal nerve, hypoglossal nerve, lingual nerve, and phrenic nerve) that, if damaged, would complicate the postoperative course of the patient.

Harmonic scalpel versus conventional haemostasis in neck dissection: a prospective randomized study

Washington, Nov 26 (ANI): Hypoglossal nerve stimulation system (HGNS) can provide significant relief from upper airway obstruction during sleep to patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by increasing the airflow, a new study has revealed.

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation improves airflow in obstructive sleep apnea

The rest of the mass was dissected from under the digastric muscle, well above the hypoglossal nerve and sectioned proximally.

Cervical ganglioneuroma in an adult man: case report and literature review of a rare occurrence

However, those passing through the posterior occipital somites are affected by the caudal most cephalic crest mesenchymal population at the posterior pharyngeal region and thus give rise to the hypoglossal nerve prepattern (Mackenzie et al., 1998).

Dynamic modification of oral innervation during metamorphosis in Branchiostoma belcheri, the oriental lancelet