The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Ikki

peasant uprisings in feudal Japan.

The peasant uprisings of the 15th and 16th centuries are divided into the pre-Ikki, Ikko-Ikki, Tokusei-Ikki, and Kuni-Ikki revolts. The pre-Ikki revolts were “land revolts,” that is, peasant uprisings for such demands as the reduction of rents; the most important of these was the 1428 uprising, which encompassed almost all the central provinces. The Ikko-Ikki uprisings were carried out under the banner of the Ikko Buddhist sect. The largest of these uprisings were in the 15th and 16th centuries. The Tokusei-Ikki were urban and peasant uprisings against usurers, and the Kuni-Ikki were “provincial uprisings,” that is, peasant and Samurai uprisings; the most important of these was in the province of Yamashiro in 1485–93. A total of 164 outbreaks are known.

Uprisings that occurred from the 17th century through the 19th were called Hyakusho-Ikki (this concept included not only uprisings but also other antifeudal outbreaks by the peasantry). Throughout the entire Tokugawa period (1603–1867), about 1,640 uprisings and other peasant outbreaks are known. The antifeudal struggle of the peasants weakened the Tokugawa government and facilitated its downfall at the time of the Bourgeois Revolution of 1867–68 (the Meiji Restoration).

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References in periodicals archive

On day one, Ikki hits the highway in a mobile home, passing the time by toying with the stove burners and a Bic lighter, splashing in the Jacuzzi, and watching films--the germane cult classics The Wicker Man and The Baby (both 1973)--on a TV monitor.

Mike Kelley and Michael Smith: SCULPTURECENTER, NEW YORK

Weiwu'er shier mukamu/Uyghur on ikki muqami (Uyghur Twelve Muqam).

The value of missing tunes: scholarship on Uyghur minority music in Northwest China

"These lines (Life by Karl Kani and Ikki B) are particularly designed to compete in today's marketplace," he said.

Rags to riches: hip-hop moguls use groundbreaking designs and star power to challenge major clothing labels and become a force in the $164 billion fashion industry. (The Hip-Hop Economy: Part 4 Of A Series)

Anas, Alex, and Ikki Kim, 1996, "General equilibrium models of polycentric urban land use with endogenous congestion and job agglomeration," Journal of Urban Economics, Vol.

Polycentric urban structure: The case of Milwaukee

Furthermore, when villagers wanted to raid storehouses, they did so by attacking local merchants in sometimes quite violent attacks called ikki. On these, there has been a small explosion of English-language study since the 1980s, but Macfarlane is unaware of them.(4)

The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap

Early modern ikki, "peasant revolts," have been a popular area of study both within Japan and among western scholars, with the field experiencing something of a boom in English-language publications since the mid-1980s and the publication of work by historians Anne Walthall (Social Protest and Popular Culture in Eighteenth-century Japan, 1986), George Wilson (Patriots and Redeemers in Japan, 1992) and Steven Vlastos (Peasant Protests and Uprisings in Tokugawa Japan, 1986), sociologist Herbert Bix (Peasant Protest in Feudal Japan, 1590-1884, 1986), anthropologist William Kelly (Deference & Defiance in Nineteenth-century Japan, 1985), as well as other work by political scientist James White.

Ikki: Social Conflict and Political Protest in Early Modern Japan

I'm in the middle of the final crunch leading up to the publishing of a book with professor of sociology Ikki Kim that compares Beijing and Seoul at different stages of their development, with the former as an example of that city's journey through modernity and the latter as an example as the cradle of hypermodernity.

On the importance of space and social empathy

We have plotted the theoretical BEP as derived by Zhao [7] (equation (7), Ikki [8] (equation (14)) and the proposed study (equation (4)).

Exact and Approximate Symbol Error Probability of cooperative systems with best relay selection and all participating relaying using Amplify and Forward or Decode and Forward Relaying over Nakagami-m fading channels

In Ikibu trip, there are either planted seeds for feeding Ikki's strains or they can be exchanged for gifts.

Unique New Casinos: Ikibu Gives Seeds Instead of Free Spins

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Roykringar

The original manga "Ai to Makoto" (love and sincerity) by Ikki Kajiwara and Takumi Nagayasu has gone through several screen and TV incarnations, assuming cult status equivalent to that of "Love Story." Miike's interpretation stands apart from his other reworkings of 1970s children's entertainment, such as "Zebraman," "Yatterman" and "Ninja Kids," replacing the affectionate and playful mood in those pics with blase cynicism here.

For Love's Sake