The lasting impact of taste aversions probably depends on communication between the
insular cortex and several other brain areas, Bermudez-Rattoni wrote in a chapter of Plasticity in the Central Nervous System (1995, Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum).
"The more activity in the
insular cortex (the higher the visceral feeling), lower heat exchange occurs, and vice versa," they added.
The researchers first demonstrated that depletion of serotonin in the entire
insular cortex prevented the nausea-induced gaping reactions in rats, suggesting that serotonin activation in this region is necessary for the production of nausea.
When you get rid of that sensation by anaesthetizing the skin, you need areas such as the
insular cortex in order to feel the heart pulsing from deep within.
They found that the volunteers with psoriasis had a much weaker response in their
insular cortex than the healthy volunteers, suggesting they have developed a coping mechanism to protect themselves from adverse emotional responses to their condition by others.
When the researchers compared overall brain volumes of the 20 self-injuring girls with those in the control group, they found clear decreases in volume in parts of the brain called the
insular cortex and inferior frontal gyrus.
4: S1J - jaw region of primary somatosensory cortex, GI - granular
insular cortex, and AID - dorsal part of agranular
insular cortex.
The functions of the anterior cingulate cortex are discussed in literature as follows: Subconscious processing, language processing, visual field processing, recognizing changes in physical conditions and modifying behavior, participation in emotional connections (limbic system, autonomic nervous system,
insular cortex), participation in cognitive activities (concentration, cognitive control, processing memory, achievement aimed behavior), distinguishing between positive, negative or good/bad emotional stimulus by the relation with the orbitofrontal cortex (22, 23).
In some studies, it was demonstrated that troponin I (TnI) levels were associated with prognosis and involvement of the right
insular cortex (17,18,19).
Thus, face and emotion recognition impairments in nfvPPA were related to the atrophy of the bilateral posterior fusiform gyrus, bilateral
insular cortex, and anterior temporal lobe [112].
In addition, the
insular cortex could cause cardiovascular system dysfunction, which is consistent in OSA patients [9].