The last time the 10 principles were amended was in April 1974 when Kim Jong Il was appointed successor to
Kim Il Sung.
The collapse of the Berlin Wall and the death of
Kim Il Sung marks the beginning of the "era of Kim Jong Il," which is soon followed by the "Great North Korean Famine" of the late 1990s as Pyongyang increased its dependence on using the nuclear weapons card to solicit aid and guide its foreign policy.
Kim Jong Un visited the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, a mausoleum for
Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il in Pyongyang, midnight Tuesday and observed a moment of silence before portraits of his father and grandfather, according to the official Korean Central News Agency.
The Soviets, however, refused to participate and instead installed a Communist puppet regime in the North, headed by
Kim Il Sung, who had lived in exile in Russia during World War II.
The decision to hold the events, likely to be state-sponsored, for Kim's birthday on April 15 next year was broadcast by the media when the matter was mentioned in the agenda of the 22nd general assembly of the
Kim Il Sung Socialist Youth League.
Briefed on June 5 by Gallucci, who was sent to Plains, Ga., for that purpose, Carter learned to his dismay that there was no American plan for direct contact with
Kim Il Sung. He immediately dispatched a letter to Clinton telling him that he had decided to go to Pyongyang in view of the dangers at hand.
North Korea marked the 19th anniversary of the death of its founder
Kim Il Sung on Monday.
On July 8, KCNA reported Kim Jong Un, together with Choe and Ri, visited the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, the mausoleum of his grandfather and state founder
Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il in Pyongyang, to pay tribute to
Kim Il Sung as the country marked the 18th anniversary of his death.
His article, the third published since April, is titled: "The great Comrade
Kim Il Sung is the eternal leader of our party and people."
And in the city of Hamhung, a Manchurian crane circled a statue of 69-year-old Kim's father, the late President
Kim Il Sung, before alighting on a tree, its head drooping before it took off towards Pyongyang.
He is believed to be 27 or 28, and is said to have been schooled in Switzerland and educated at
Kim Il Sung Military University in Pyongyang.