lipoic acid

[lī′pō·ik ′as·əd]

(biochemistry)

C₈H₁₄O₂S₂ A compound which participates in the enzymatic oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids in a stage between thiamine pyrophosphate and coenzyme A.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Lipoic Acid

6,8-epi-dithio-octanoic acid, a widespread naturally occurring coenzyme, related to enzymes of the class of oxidoreductases. It exists in the form of crystals with melting point 59°-60°C and was first isolated from bull’s liver in 1941 (30 mg of lipoic acid was obtained from 10 tons of liver).

Lipoic acid participates in the transfer of acyl groups (acid radicals) and in biological oxidation reactions (for example, oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic and ketoglutaric acids for conversion into acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, respectively, with liberation of carbon dioxide). The oxidized form of lipoic acid is transformed into a reduced form, which is then reconverted into the oxidized form upon action of a specific enzyme:

Lipoic acid is the growth factor (vitamin) in certain microorganisms; it exists in composite protein form in the cells of plant and animal tissues.

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References in periodicals archive

* By helping to reduce weight, and improve blood sugar control and blood lipid profiles, lipoic acid supplementation can help reduce the risk for premature aging and disease.

Lipoic Acid and Healthy Weight Loss

Quercetin and lipoic acid pretreatment of Al[Cl.sub.3] exposed rats restored the altered superoxide dismutase to normal levels.

Synergistic Effect of Quercetin and [alpha]-Lipoic Acid on Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

A study of the antioxidant effect of alpha lipoic acids on sperm quality.

[alpha]-Lipoic acid mitigates arsenic-induced hematological abnormalities in adult male rats

After four years, tests showed less severe neuropathy (largely due to less muscular weakness) in the lipoic acid takers, who also reported less weakness but no less pain, burning, or other symptoms.

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Anti-obesity and lipid- lowering properties of alpha- lipoic acid. J.

Effects of a-Lipoic Acid on g-Radiation and Lindane-Induced Heart Toxicity in Rats

Dietary alpha lipoic acid improves body composition, meat quality and decreases collagen content in muscle of broiler chickens.

Effects of dietary L-carnosine and alpha-lipoic acid on growth performance, blood thyroid hormones and lipid profiles in finishing pigs

Combination of alpha lipoic acid and superoxide dismutase leads to physiological and symptomatic improvements in diabetic neuropathy.

Targeting neuropathic pain: consider these alternatives: when patients with painful peripheral neuropathy fail to respond to--or are unable to tolerate--standard therapies, consider these lesser-known treatments

"Lipoic acid and bone marrow derived cells therapy induce angiogenesis and cell proliferation after focal brain injury"; Brain Injury, 2014; 1 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2014.973448

Bone marrow stem cells, antioxidants, used to treat brain injuries in mice

Researchers fed laboratory animals higher levels of lipoic acid than might be attained in a normal diet, while monitoring proteins known to be affected by disruption of the circadian clock in the older animals.

Eat leafy vegetables to reset biological clock

Additional chol + vitD-fed rabbits were given 0.12 mmol x [kg.sup.-1] x [day.sup.-1] lipoic acid (n = 11) or 0.1 mmol x [kg.sup.-1] x [day.sup.1] tempol (n = 15) in drinking water.

Lipoic acid, but not tempol, preserves vascular compliance and decreases medial calcification in a model of elastocalcinosis

Dai et al., "Alpha lipoic acid protects heart against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through a mechanism involving aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activation," European Journal of Pharmacology, vol.

[alpha]-lipoic acid inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced oncogene expression and hyperproliferation by suppressing the activation of NADPH oxidase in gastric epithelial cells

Contributed by pharmaceutics, pathology, cancer, nutrition, and other specialists from North America and Asia, chapters address the basic mechanisms of inflammation/oxidative stress-driven cancer, including preventing carcinogenesis, the role of obesity, and antioxidant properties of common dietary phytochemicals; cellular signal transduction, molecular targets, and biomarkers of these cancer-preventive phytochemicals; challenges with in vivo absorption and pharmacokinetics of phytochemicals; cancer prevention and vitamins A, D, and E, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, flavonoids and polyphenols, garlic organosulfur compounds and crucifer glucusinolates, and selenium, herbal medicines, and alpha lipoic acid; and epigenetics and chronic inflammation.

Inflammation, oxidative stress, and cancer; dietary approaches for cancer prevention