The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Lymph Nodes

organs of the lymphatic system in the higher vertebrates and man.

The lymph nodes are oval formations along the path of the lymphatic vessels that consist of reticular tissue enclosed in a connective-tissue capsule and in which lymphocytes are formed. The lymph flow in the narrow cavities (sinuses) of the nodes is retarded markedly, facilitating the capture by leukocytes (phagocytes) of foreign particles entering from the tissues through the lymphatic vessels and preventing their entry into the blood. Thus, the more lymph nodes (and their number increases in the progression from the lower mammals to man), the stronger the barrier protecting the body from pathogenic principles. In man, the dimensions of the lymph nodes vary from 3 mm to 30 mm. However, with certain diseases, these dimensions may increase sharply (for example, the otic nodes, in cases of epidemic parotitis or tonsillitides), sometimes even reaching the size of a hen’s egg.

V. B. SUKHANOV

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References in periodicals archive

It has been reported that the duration between the onset of the disease and its diagnosis is in the range of 18 weeks to 6 months.3 In the etiology of MBC; family history, hormonal disorders (high levels of estrogen and prolactin), exposure to radiation, liver cirrhosis along with hyperestrogenaemia and Klinefelter syndrome are thought to be effective.4 It has been reported in literature that the tumour size and axillary lymph node involvement are important prognostic factors in male breast cancer as well as in female breast cancer.

Male breast cancer: A 10 year retrospective case series in a tertiary care hospital

Another procedure called a vascularized lymph node transfer involves moving healthy lymph nodes from another area of the body to the area where the lymph nodes were damaged or removed.

Lymphedema: Causes, Risk Factors, and Treatment Options: For some breast cancer patients, one type of treatment can cause swelling in their arms and diminish their quality of life

Lymph nodes, especially smaller nodes and those in the parotid area, may not have a complete capsule.

Data Set for the Reporting of Nodal Excisions and Neck Dissection Specimens for Head and Neck Tumors: Explanations and Recommendations of the Guidelines From the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting

The current study is a descriptive study done to analyse the accuracy between ultrasound guided FNAC of axillary lymph nodes and sentinel lymph node biopsy using methylene blue followed by imprint cytology in clinically node negative early breast cancers.

A PROSPECTIVE TRIAL COMPARING THE ACCURACY BETWEEN ULTRASOUND GUIDED FNAC OF AXILLARY LYMPH NODES AND SENTINEL LYMPH NODE BIOPSY USING METHYLENE BLUE FOLLOWED BY IMPRINT CYTOLOGY IN CLINICALLY NODE NEGATIVE EARLY BREAST CANCERS

All target lymph nodes were successfully separated from the adjacent cervical large vessels after hydrodissection with saline injection under US guidance.

US-guided core needle biopsy under assistance of hydrodissection to diagnose small lymph node metastases adjacent to cervical large vessels

The lower-thoracic ESCC mainly metastasized to lower mediastinum (41.5%) and abdominal lymph nodes (27.8%), and cervical lymph node metastasis was rarely seen, which is roughly the same as reported in the above literature.

Effects of lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma on design of radiotherapy target volume

At this point, we considered this mass as distant lymph node recurrence with invading external iliac artery.

Rectal Cancer with Synchronous External Iliac Lymph Node Metastasis Invading the External Iliac Artery and Its Surgical Management: A Case Report/External Iliak Arteri Infiltre Eden Senkron Rektum Kanseri Metastazi; Olgu Sunumu

Varying number of Lymph nodes was removed while performing biopsy of SLN.

ACCURACY OF INTRAOPERATIVE RADIONUCLIDE SCINTIGRAPHY FOR DETECTION OF SENTINEL LYMPH NODE USING 99MTC LABELED NANOCOLLOIDS IN EARLY BREAST CARCINOMA

When to perform biopsies of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes in young patients.

Lymphadenopathies: An Annoyance or Not?

ISLAMABAD:Turns out, patients with very small breast tumours can forgo lymph node biopsies.

Small breast tumours may not need biopsy: Study

In this report, we argue that the histopathological evaluation of axillary lymph nodes that are considered radiologically suspicious can prevent possible staging errors, as in our case that was diagnosed with primary breast carcinoma.

Axillary Metastatic Breast Cancer and Tuberculous Lymphadenopathy in Supraclavicular Region

The possible difficulties in SLN imaging may be in transit nodes, internal mammary lymph nodes, and lymph nodes in close proximity to the injection site (9).

First experience with a new technique: Portable gamma camera usage for sentinel lymph node identification in a patient with breast cancer