The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Manganin

a copper-based alloy with additives of manganese (11.5-13.5 percent) and nickel (2.5-3.5 percent), characterized by an extremely small change in resistivity within the range of ordinary temperatures. It was first introduced in Germany in 1889. Manganin has the following characteristics: specific resistance, 0.47 microhm .m at 20°C; temperature coefficient of electric resistance, 2 × 10^-6 1/°C at 15°-35°C (after special heat treatment—stabilizing annealing); melting point, 960°C.

Manganin is used in the manufacture of standard resistors and elements for measuring instruments. The chief advantage in using Manganin rather than Constantan is that Manganin has a very low thermoelectromotive force when coupled with copper (not more than 1 microvolt/°C); therefore, only Manganin is used for high-precision instruments. In addition, Manganin, unlike Constantan, is not corrosion-resistant in atmospheres containing acid and ammonia vapors; it is also sensitive to substantial changes in atmospheric humidity. Certain silverbased alloys with additives of manganese (up to 17 percent), tin (up to 7 percent), and other elements are classified as silver Manganins.

L. L. ZHUKOV

Mentioned in

References in periodicals archive

Laserna, "Surface stoichiometry of manganin coatings prepared by pulsed laser deposition as described by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry," Analytical Chemistry, vol.

Selective Surface Sintering Using a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy System

Other than the large Seebeck coefficient, it has very similar characteristics to manganin, and Thomas noted that sometimes Constantan is used for high value standard resistors, especially for AC applications.

More recently, Isabellenhutte, the German developer of manganin, introduced zeranin [R], a family of copper alloys with about 7% manganese and a smaller amount of either tin or germanium.

For Thomas' new design, coils were wound on insulated brass bobbins, brass having nearly the same coefficient of expansion as manganin. Thomas noted that after coils were completed but before the terminals were joined, the coils were artificially aged at 150 [degrees] C for at least 48 hours.

The 1939 design had a bifilar-wound coil of insulated manganin wire.

Adding certainty to measurements adding certainty to measurements

Thomas, Stability of Double-walled Manganin Resistors, Journal of Research National Bureau of Standards, 36, 1946, pp.

Assessment of uncertainties for the NIST 1016 mm Guarded-Hot-Plate apparatus: extended analysis for low-density fibrous-glass thermal insulation

4 of electromagnetic testing of the Research & Design Institute <<Molniya>> of the NTU <<KhPI>> demonstrates that, taking into account the state of the high-voltage impulse technique of the actual task of metrological support of tests on [1, 2, 5] of domestic aviation and rocket and space technology, as well as electric power facilities for lightning in this shunt construction improvement must be subject to: first, a thin measuring manganin disk; secondly, the insulation between the massive internal brass and massive outer brass cylindrical electrodes.

A COAXIAL DISK SHUNT FOR MEASUREMENT IN THE HIGH-CURRENT CIRCUIT OF HIGH-VOLTAGE GENERATOR OF STORM DISCHARGES OF PULSES OF CURRENT OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTNING WITH THE INTEGRAL OF ACTION UP TO 15 x [10.sup.6] J/OHM

Legal Ohm was maintained at 1 [OMEGA] by selected groups of manganin resistance standards (18).

The ampere and electrical standards

The reference cell N and the unknown cell X are opposed through a galvanometer [G.sub.1] and a key K to the fall of potential in a continuous loop of manganin wire.

This current enters the manganin wire at the tap point 8 and leaves it by the slider S.

If steps of 100 [micro]v were sufficiently small, or if interpolation between steps were admissible, the sections 1-2 and 17-18 of the manganin wire would be superfluous.

Treasure of the Past: IV