Martyrdom
Agatha, St.tortured for resisting advances of Quintianus. [Christian Hagiog.: Daniel, 21]
Alban, St.traditionally, first British martyr. [Christian Hagiog: NCE, 49]
Andrew, St.apostle and missionary; condemned to be scourged and crucified. [Christian Hagiog.: Brewster, 4]
arrow and crosssymbol of martyrdom of St. Sebastian. [Christian Iconog.: Attwater, 304]
Brown, John(1800–1859) abolitionist leader; died for antislavery cause. [Am. Hist.: Hart, 111]
Callistabeautiful Greek convert; executed and later canonized. [Br. Lit.: Callista]
Campion, Edmundharassed and tortured by Anglicans, hanged on a false charge of treason. [Br. Lit.: Edmund Campion in Magill I, 237]
carneliansymbol of St. Sebastian. [Christian Hagiog.: Brewer Handbook, I, 411]
Elmo, St.patron saint of sailors; intestines wound on windlass. [Christian Hagiog.: Attwater, 117]
Golgothaplace of martyrdom or of torment; after site of Christ’s crucifixion. [Western Folklore: Espy, 79]
Holy Innocentsmale infants slaughtered by Herod. [Christian Hagiog.: Attwater, 179; N.T.: Matthew 2:16–18]
James Intercisus, St.cut to pieces for belief in Christianity. [Christian Hagiog.: Brewster, 2]
Jesus Christcrucified at demand of Jewish authorities. [N.T.: Matthew 27:24–61; Mark 15:15–47; Luke 23:13–56; John 19:13–42]
Joan of Arc, St.(1412–1431) burned at stake for witchcraft (1431). [Fr. Hist.: NCE, 1417; Br. Lit.: I Henry VI]
John the Baptist, St.Jewish prophet; beheaded at instigation of Salome. [N.T.: Matthew 11:1–19; 17:11–13]
More, Sir Thomas(1478–1535) statesman and humanist; be-headed for opposition to Henry VIII’s Act of Supremacy [Br. Hist.: NCE, 1830]
Nero’s Torchesoil- and tar-smeared Christians implanted and set aflame. [Christian Hist.: Brewer Note-Book, 614]
palmappeared on martyrs’ graves. [Christian Symbolism: Appleton, 73]
Perpetua, St., and St. Felicitygored by wild beasts; slain with swords. [Christian Hagiog.: Attwater, 273]
Peter, St.apostle crucified upside down in Rome. [Christian Hagiog.: Brewster, 310]
Sacco and Vanzetti(Nicola, 1891–1927) (Bartolomeo, 1888–1927) perhaps executed more for radicalism than murder (August 22, 1927). [Am. Hist.: Flexner, 311]
Sebastian, St.Roman soldier; shot with arrows and struck with clubs. [Christian Hagiog.: Brewster, 75]
Stephen, St.first martyr; stoned as blasphemer. [Christian Hagiog.: Attwater, 313]
swordinstrument of decapitation of early saints. [Christian Symbolism: Appleton, 14]
Thecla, St.first woman martyr. [Christian Hagiog.: Brewer Dictionary, 1072]
Thomas à Becket, St.(1118–1170) brutally slain in Canterbury cathedral by king’s knights. [Br. Hist.: NCE, 2735–2736]
Allusions—Cultural, Literary, Biblical, and Historical: A Thematic Dictionary. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.