master data

master data

[′mas·tər ′dad·ə]

(computer science)

A set of data which are rarely changed, or changed in a known and constant manner.

McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E, Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

master data management

The administration of the non-transactional data in an organization, such as customers, vendors, employees and products. Such data is contained in "master files," although the term master file has been mostly replaced with the term "database." Master data management is similar to information governance with the focus on the permanent data in an organization rather than transactions. See information governance and master file.

---

master file

A collection of records pertaining to one of the main subjects of an information system, such as customers, employees, products and vendors. Master files contain descriptive data, such as name and address, as well as summary information, such as amount due and year-to-date sales. Contrast with transaction file. See master data management.

Although there can be many more, following are the typical fields in a business master record. The "key" fields are generally indexed for matching against the transaction records as well as fast retrieval for queries. The account number is usually the primary key, but name may also be primary. There can be secondary indexes; for example, in an inverted file structure, almost all the fields could be indexed. See transaction file for examples of transaction records.

EMPLOYEE MASTER RECORD
  key  Employee account number
  key  Name (last)
       Name (first)
       Address, city, state, zip
       Hire date
       Birth date
       Title
       Job class
       Pay rate
       Year-to-date gross pay

       CUSTOMER MASTER RECORD
  key  Customer account number
  key  Name
       Bill-to address, city, state, zip
       Ship-to address, city, state, zip
       Credit limit
       Date of first order
       Sales-to-date
       Balance due

       VENDOR MASTER RECORD
  key  Vendor account number
  key  Name
       Address, city, state, zip
       Terms
       Quality rating
       Shipping method

       PRODUCT MASTER RECORD
  key  Product number
  key  Name
       Description
       Quantity on hand
       Location
       Primary vendor
       Secondary vendor

Copyright © 1981-2025 by The Computer Language Company Inc. All Rights reserved. THIS DEFINITION IS FOR PERSONAL USE ONLY. All other reproduction is strictly prohibited without permission from the publisher.