The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Meat-and-Bone Meal

a protein feed of animal origin, made at meat-packing plants and waste-processing plants from the carcasses of slaughtered animals that are unsuitable for human food and from other dead animals, as well as from slaughterhouse waste and waste products from bacon and canning plants. Meat-and-bone meal is also made by hunting fleets from the carcasses of sea animals.

The raw material for the meal is processed by steam under pressure or cooked in open vats, then dried and ground. Meat-and-bone meal is gray-brown and has a distinctive odor. Its composition and nutritional value vary, depending on the raw material. First-grade meal contains not more than 9 percent moisture, not more than 11 percent fat, not more than 28 percent ash, and at least 50 percent protein. In 1 kg of meat-and-bone meal there is about 0.8 of a standard feed unit and about 320 g of digestible protein. Meat-and-bone meal is used primarily in rations for pigs, poultry, and young farm animals of all types, as well as in many mixed feeds

References in periodicals archive

Partial replacement of fish meal with meat-and-bone meal, flash-dried poultry by product meal and enzyme digested poultry by-product meal in practical diets for juvenile red drum.

APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF FISH MEAL, BLOOD MEAL AND MEAT MEAL FOR LABEO ROHITA FINGERLINGS

The committee also ordered the marking of meat-and-bone meal and animal fat from rendering plants processing black and yellow packaged by-products.

Special colour-coded packaging imposed on EU meat by-products: a European Union (EU) scientific committee for the food chain and animal health has approved a mandatory colour-coding system for packaging containing meat by-products moved between EU member states

A cow confirmed in January as Japan's 22nd case of mad cow disease was fed with meat-and-bone meal, the Hokkaido government said Thursday.

LEAD: Hokkaido cow with BSE was fed meat-and-bone meal

Nearly half this meat-and-bone meal came from the Indian sub-continent.

Human remains link to BSE

With the recognition that BSE had spread in the United Kingdom and many other countries through feeding contaminated mammalian meat-and-bone meal to ruminants, a ban on this practice was instigated in the European Union in 1994.

Risk Analysis of Prion Diseases in Animals

The British government warned Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in 1990 that meat-and-bone meal (MBM), an animal-based feed, could be the source of mad cow disease, a farm ministry report to a study panel revealed Tuesday.

Britain warned farm ministry about MBM in 1990

The farm ministry plans to introduce genetic testing, possibly by the end of this year, to ensure that cattle feed contains no meat-and-bone meal (MBM) from cows, a suspected cause of mad cow disease, ministry officials said Monday.

Japan to introduce gene tests on cattle feed

Under the ban, meat, meat products, internal organs, embryos and meat-and-bone meal from Japanese cows, sheep and buffaloes are prohibited from entering the former Portuguese territory that returned to Chinese rule in 1999.

Macao bans Japanese beef imports over mad-cow scare

Apparently, mad cow disease is caused by feeding cattle meat-and-bone meal composed of the bodies of cattle already affected with mad cow disease, or sheep with a similar disease called scrapie.

NUTRITION HOTLINE

The Peruvian - and Chilean - fish-meal industry is hoping the BSE scare could actually boost demand for fishmeal, as an alternative to meat-and-bone meal, which is suspected of causing BSE.Some 90% of fish-meal consumption goes into non-ruminant animal diets.

PERU TO CHALLENGE EU AT WTO OVER FISH-MEAL

Believe it or not, in the last 18 months 12,000 tonnes of Republican cow meat-and-bone meal, technically described as "specific risk material" in the current BSE scare, has been exported to NI and buried at a so-far unidentified council landfill site here.

John Hunter's column: GOOD REASON TO AVOID TAP WATER

meat industry said that it would stop giving cows the same kind of meat-and-bone meal that might have caused BSE to spread in Great Britain.

Mad about BSE