There was a movement called the
Mutazilites, in which it said that God gave us reason so we should apply reason to live and not just following the scripture.
The Kharijites and
Mutazilites wanted to preserve God's absolute power, while also maintaining human free will.
Missionary teachers and students relied on the Qur'an and borrowed from the 9th-century
Mutazilites and the 18th-century Wahhabis to attack miraculous and intercessory elements in popular Sufi literature (174).
Iqbal claims that Ibn Khaldun ascribed the notion of expediency to the
Mutazilites, but this too is plainly inaccurate.
It is important to note that the transcendental capacity of pure reason has not only been acknowledged by many of the scholars, both Christians and Islamists, (particularly
Mutazilites) before the rise of the Enlightenment.
Influenced by
Mutazilites, the Karaites insisted on belief in monotheism.
Reilly's specific comparison of the
Mutazilites with the more traditionalist Asharites is grossly oversimplified and a historical.
1], then to introduce the first fully developed school of theology, the
Mutazilites [who were advocates of reason, Ch.
Rational theology as presented by the
Mutazilites, and Rational Philosophy presented by Averreos later, could be considered solid ground for tolerance.
(The
Mutazilites, I believe, looked to Greek philosophy to pursue a rational theology insisting on the demonstration of reason in religious belief).
Two schools of thought, popularly known as
Mutazilites and Asharites, address this issue in greater details than others.