a high plateau in southwestern Africa, between the Cape Mountains in the south and the upper reaches of the Great Fish River in the north. Average elevations range from 1,000 to 1,200 m, with a maximum elevation of 2,202 m in the Karasberg massif. Southern Namaqualand, or Little Namaqualand, extends to the Orange River. It consists of a peneplain on a crystalline foundation with large deposits of copper ore around Okiep in the Republic of South Africa. In northern Namaqualand, or Namaland, the crystalline foundation is covered in the east by ancient limestone and quartzite forming steplike plateaus. Southern Namaqualand has a subtropical desert climate, and northern Namaqualand has a semidesert tropical climate. Sparse sclerophyll shrub vegetation and turf grasses are found in southern Namaqualand; in northern Namaqualand there are succulent deserts with aloe in the west and shrub deserts with acacias in the east. Migratory livestock raising is the chief occupation of the region’s inhabitants.