neurohormone

[¦nu̇r·ō′hȯr‚mōn]

(neuroscience)

A hormone produced by nervous tissue.

The following article is from The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1979). It might be outdated or ideologically biased.

Neurohormone

a physiologically active substance that is produced by special neurons—the neurosecretory cells.

Like a mediator substance (chemical transmitter), a neurohormone is released by nerve endings, but in contrast to the first, a neurohormone is secreted into the blood or tissue fluid. Such secretion into the body fluids is characteristic of hormones. Neurohormones, for example, vasopressin, oxytocin, and the adenohypophysiotropic hormones, have been discovered in many vertebrates and in many invertebrates, including mollusks, worms, and arthropods. Chemically, the majority of neurohormones are peptides; some are catecholamines. Biosynthesis of peptide neurohormones occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell body of the neuron, The peptides are packaged in the Golgi complex and are subsequently transported along the axon to the nerve endings. In the mammalian brain the neurosecretory cells of the hypothalamus are a source of neurohormones. Neurohormones regulate the activity of the cells of some endocrine glands and influence the cells of other organs.

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References in periodicals archive

Exercise-related changes in these neurohormones were also related to cardiorespiratory fitness.

Potential neurobiological benefits of exercise in chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder: pilot study

The MLT ability to attenuate the production of reactive species (ROS) and also regulating the expression of proteins of the apoptotic pathways, such as Bcl-2 and Bax [65, 66], have been related to the antiapoptotic property of this neurohormone. The increase in PCNA content in the melatonin-treated diabetic group (MD2), besides expressing an increase in cell proliferation, can also corroborate the protective action of MLT because PCNA is also involved in DNA damage repair and epigenomic maintenance [67].

Influence of melatonin on the proliferative and apoptotic responses of the prostate under normal and hyperglycemic conditions

Each neurohormone that is released will have an impact on both the woman's body and the way she feels; the alternative may also be true that the woman's feelings may inhibit or support the release of the neurohormone.

The emotional and hormonal pathways of labour and birth: integrating mind, body and behavior

This classification is now universally accepted: inflammation, neurohormones, myocyte Injury, Oxidative Stress, and extracellular matrix remodelling biomarkers (Table 1).

The role of natriuretic peptides for the diagnosis of left ventricular dysfunction

Effect of long-term enalapril therapy on neurohormones in patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

Safety and efficacy of rennin-angiotensin system inhibitors in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Brain natriuretic peptide is a neurohormone synthesized in ventricular myocardium and released in response to cardiac stretch.

Role of biomarkers in risk stratification of acute coronary syndrome

McInnes and colleagues at the University of Glasgow (Scotland) have shown, for the first time, that anti-TNF-alpha therapy lowers circulating levels of the cardiac neurohormone N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who do not have evident heart failure.

TNF blockade may lower risk of depression in arthritis

The notion of GABA as a crustacean neurohormone is not a new one: Kravitz et al.

Enhancement of muscle contraction in the stomach of the crab Cancer borealis: a possible hormonal role for GABA

Mclnnes and colleagues at the University of Glasgow (Scotland) have shown, for the first time, that anti-TNF-alpha therapy decreases circulating levels of the cardiac neurohormone N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who do not have evident heart failure.

Anti-TNF-alpha tied to lower heart risk in RA

Stress in employed women: impact of marital status and children at home on neurohormone output and home strain.

Prevalencia del sindrome de agotamiento profesional (burnout) en medicos familiares mexicanos: analisis de factores de riesgo

In dioecious, the differentiation of primordial germ cells into male or female gametes seems to be controlled by a neurohormone, the androgenic factor.

Hermaphroditism among dioecious Tagelus plebeius (Lightfoot, 1786) (Mollusca, Psammobiidae) and Iphigenia brasiliana (Lamarck, 1818) (Mollusca, Donacidae) on the Cachoeira River Estuary, Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil/Hermafroditismo nos moluscos dioicos Tagelus plebeius (Lightfoot, 1786) (Mollusca, Psammobiidae) e Iphigenia brasiliana (Lamarck, 1818) (Mollusca, Donacidae) na regiao estuarina do Rio Cachoeira, Ilheus, Bahia, Brasil

When the chemical messenger is released into the extracellular space and enters a nearby capillary, the chemical is called a neurohormone. Neurons that conduct impulses to other cells typically have myelin sheaths, which enhance speed of transmission.

Chapter 3: Organization and structure of mammalian reproductive systems